Pelletization of torrefied palm kernel shell by using different binding agents

Enhancing Biofuel Pellet Quality using Combined Torrefaction and Co-pelletization Processes of Palm Kernel Shell and Empty Fruit Bunch

“…It obtained the lowest density changes and the highest dimensional stability. This is due to the fact that the intertwined bers of EFB strengthened the interlocking bonding of the pellets formed, resulting in lower density change and better dimensional stability, whereas PKS lled in the void space between the EFB bers, forming pellets with higher density (Sambeth et al 2022). Torrefaction temperature and blending ratio showed an interaction effect on the initial and nal density of pellets (p < 0.05) because torrefaction temperature and blending ratio affect the compactness of the pellet formed.…”

“…Hence, biomass needs to be transformed into a uniform particle size with enhanced mechanical strength to reduce losses due to fracture and breakage during handling, transportation, and storage processes. This limitation can be overcome by using pelletization, where this physical pre-treatment method can compact biomass waste into uniform-sized particles with increased bulk density (Sukiran et al 2017;Picchio et al 2020;Sambeth et al 2022). In addition, pelletization is an effective method that enables easier and more e cient handling, transportation, and storage processes.…”