Pelletization process of postproduction plant waste

A b s t r a c t. Processes of compaction of granular materials were described using selected models. The analysis of their accuracy on the example of wheat was the basis for the discussion on their applicability to the processing of plant-origin materials. Parameters of the model equations for wheat, compressed at 10-18% moisture content were calculated, and the relations between these parameters and wheat moisture were determined. It was found that the analyzed models described the pressure compaction of granular plant material with different accuracy, and were highly dependent on moisture. The study also indicated that the model of Ferrero et al. fits the experimental results well. The parameters of this model reflected very well the physical phenomena which occur during compression.K e y w o r d s: pressure compaction models, wheat meal, moisture

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of pressure compaction and their application for wheat meal

Skonecki¹,

Kulig²,

Łysiak³

2014

“…; the mass of nettle waste on the plate -500 g; binder mass -150 g; pelleting time -16 min; the flow rate of the pelleting liquid -0.025 l min -1 . Pressure agglomeration (pelleting) tests of nettle waste and mixtures of nettle waste and a binder pre-densified in the process of coating were performed on an SS-3 stand (with the 'open densification chamber -densification piston' working system), as presented in Obidziński (2012aObidziński ( , 2012b.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage agglomeration of fine-grained herbal nettle waste

Obidziński¹,

Joka²,

Fijoł³

2017

A b s t r a c t. This paper compares the densification work necessary for the pressure agglomeration of fine-grained dusty nettle waste, with the densification work involved in two-stage agglomeration of the same material. In the first stage, the material was pre-densified through coating with a binder material in the form of a 5% potato starch solution, and then subjected to pressure agglomeration. A number of tests were conducted to determine the effect of the moisture content in the nettle waste (15, 18 and 21%), as well as the process temperature (50, 70, 90 o C) on the values of densification work and the density of the obtained pellets. For pre-densified pellets from a mixture of nettle waste and a starch solution, the conducted tests determined the effect of pellet particle size (1, 2, and 3 mm) and the process temperature (50, 70, 90 o C) on the same values. On the basis of the tests, we concluded that the introduction of a binder material and the use of two-stage agglomeration in nettle waste densification resulted in increased densification work (as compared to the densification of nettle waste alone) and increased pellet density.K e y w o r d s : agglomeration, nettle waste, binder, starch INTRODUCTIONOne of the types of post-production waste produced in herbal companies is the nettle waste obtained during herb processing. The amount of waste left over from the process of herbal production is relatively large, with its utilisation being problematic due to the very small particle sizes of waste fractions.In the case of Herbapol Białystok S.A., the annual production of herbal (usually nettle) waste, amounting to approx. 30 t, is usually sold cheaply or given away for a refund of the transport price.The most common method of herbal waste management is using herbal waste as a fodder additive. Depending on the species of the plant used, herbs exhibit bactericidal (e.g. sage), immunostimulating (Echinacea), antioxidant (e.g. rosemary), sedative, and soporific (e.g. melissa) properties. They can also lower cholesterol levels in the body. In addition, some of these improve the aroma and flavour of fodder. In order to take advantage of this range of properties, mixtures of different plants are often used (Hanczakowska, 2007). The effect of herbal additives in pig fodder on nutritional results is presented in a paper by Paschma (2004), among other studies.One of the methods of plant biomass waste management, including fine-grained herbal waste, is its pelleting or briquetting into a solid fuel (pellets, briquettes), and then using the resulting product as fodder or fuel (subjecting it to combustion). Various kinds of post-production plant waste have been densified into the form of pellets or briquettes: olive tree pruning residues (Carone, 2010), cork powder waste (Montero et al., 2014), blends of poplar and pine sawdust (Monedero et al., 2015), corn stover and switchgrass (Mani et al. 2006a(Mani et al. , 2006b, rice straw and rice bran (Chou et al., 2009), herbaceous crops (Gilbert et al., 2009, mixtures...

“…This includes producing heating pellets from a mixture of off-quality grain (granary waste) combined with oak sawdust and waste left over from the process of apple juice production (Stolarski, 2006); from a mixture of wheat, oat, and maize harvest waste in combination with straw, sawdust, and used edible oil (Niedzió³ka et al, 2008); from hardwoods, softwoods and grasses (Stelte et al, 2011); from a mixture of tobacco waste with herbal waste (Obidziñski, 2012b); from compost obtained from mushroom production (Ryu et al, 2008); from a mixture of waste left over after trimming olive trees (Carone et al, 2010); from a mixture of waste wood and straw (Shaw et al, 2009); by pelletization of a mixture of chestnut and pine sawdust; or from a mixture of grape waste and coffee husks (Gil et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of heating or as fodder, industry practice also includes densification of various types of mixtures of waste raw materials, eg from the agriculture and food industry, or of combinations of various types of waste materials of plant origin with other additives (also of plant origin). This includes producing heating pellets from a mixture of off-quality grain (granary waste) combined with oak sawdust and waste left over from the process of apple juice production (Stolarski, 2006); from a mixture of wheat, oat, and maize harvest waste in combination with straw, sawdust, and used edible oil (Niedzió³ka et al, 2008); from hardwoods, softwoods and grasses (Stelte et al, 2011); from a mixture of tobacco waste with herbal waste (Obidziñski, 2012b); from compost obtained from mushroom production (Ryu et al, 2008); from a mixture of waste left over after trimming olive trees (Carone et al, 2010); from a mixture of waste wood and straw (Shaw et al, 2009); by pelletization of a mixture of chestnut and pine sawdust; or from a mixture of grape waste and coffee husks (Gil et al, 2010).Some of the types of waste in the densified mixture can play the role of a natural binder and make the produced pellets more durable, and have a positive effect on the power demand of the pelletization process. This is confirmed by numerous research studies in which the following additives were introduced to the densified mixture: sodium hydroxide Int.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelletization of biomass waste with potato pulp content

Obidziński

2014

A b s t r a c t. This paper presents the results of a research on the influence of potato pulp content in a mixture with oat bran on the power demand of the pelletization process and on the quality of the produced pellets, in the context of use thereof as a heating fuel. The tests of the densification of the pulp and bran mixture were carried out on a work stand whose main element was a P-300 pellet mill with the 'flat matrix-densification rolls' system. 24 h after the pellets left the working system, their kinetic durability was established with the use of a Holmen tester. The research results obtained in this way allowed concluding that increasing the potato pulp content in a mixture with oat bran from 15 to 20% caused a reduction of the power demand of the pellet mill. It was also established that as the pulp content in a mixture with oat bran increases from 15 to 25%, the value of the kinetic durability of the pellets determined using Holmen and Pfost methods decreases.K e y w o r d s: pelletization, biomass waste, potato pulp, pellet quality INTRODUCTION According to Szyszlak-Barg³owicz et al. (2012), biomass ranks fourth worldwide as an energy source, after coal and oil. In all its forms, biomass currently covers approximately 14% of the world energy needs. Biomass is the most important source of energy in developing countries, providing 35% of their energy. In developed countries, biomass energy use is also substantial.A rich source of energy from biomass is also the agriculture and food industry, which generates huge amounts of post-production waste (eg buckwheat hulls obtained during the production process of groats in grain processing plants, fruit pomace left over from the production of fruit juices, rapeseed pomace obtained during rapeseed oil production, or herbal waste). For the purposes of heating or as fodder, industry practice also includes densification of various types of mixtures of waste raw materials, eg from the agriculture and food industry, or of combinations of various types of waste materials of plant origin with other additives (also of plant origin). This includes producing heating pellets from a mixture of off-quality grain (granary waste) combined with oak sawdust and waste left over from the process of apple juice production (Stolarski, 2006); from a mixture of wheat, oat, and maize harvest waste in combination with straw, sawdust, and used edible oil (Niedzió³ka et al., 2008); from hardwoods, softwoods and grasses (Stelte et al., 2011); from a mixture of tobacco waste with herbal waste (Obidziñski, 2012b); from compost obtained from mushroom production (Ryu et al., 2008); from a mixture of waste left over after trimming olive trees (Carone et al., 2010); from a mixture of waste wood and straw (Shaw et al., 2009); by pelletization of a mixture of chestnut and pine sawdust; or from a mixture of grape waste and coffee husks (Gil et al., 2010).Some of the types of waste in the densified mixture can play the role of a natural binder and make the produced pellets more durable, and have...