Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gao, Lei; Wang, Shiyan; Zhang, Di; Zhu, Hongmei; Jia, Yuanyuan; Wang, Haibo; Li, Suhong; Fu, Xiuhong; Sun, Xiuli; Wang, Jianliu

doi:10.3390/ijerph19063568

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Other studies have reported the prevalence of UI during pregnancy ranging from 19–42% [ 7 ]. A study performed by Gao L. et al described the pelvic floor function of the primigravida in the first trimester and confirmed that a larger right-to-left diameter of the levator hiatus and the use of a squatting type of toilet were significantly associated with pelvic floor muscle weakness [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia

Farihan¹,

Phon

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Pelvic floor disorders are common and of concern, as the majority of maternity healthcare providers seldom discuss this issue with patients compared to other antenatal issues. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and to assess the knowledge and awareness of pelvic floor disorder (PFD) among pregnant women in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. We also aim to assess the association between women’s risk factors regarding their knowledge and awareness of pelvic floor disorder so that primary prevention strategies can be planned, initiated and implemented in the future. This is a cross-sectional study with a total of four hundred twenty-four pregnant women that were recruited over a 6-month duration from May to November 2017 in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) was used to evaluate pelvic floor distress symptoms during pregnancy, namely urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and faecal incontinence. A validated Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ), which consists of 24 items, was used to assess respondents’ knowledge about urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). A total of 450 participants were approached, but 424 participants agreed to participate, showing a response rate of 94.3%. The median age was 31.5 years old, and 33.3% were primiparity. Overall, 46.1% of pregnant women had at least one symptom of pelvic floor disorder during pregnancy. Of these, 62.3% experienced urinary incontinence, 41.1% experienced symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, and 37.8% experienced symptoms of faecal incontinence. The overall median score of PIKQ was 12.0 (8.0, 17.0). The median score for PIKQ—UI was 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) and the median score for PIKQ—POP was 6.0 (4.0, 8.0). There were 341 (80.4%) pregnant women that had a low level of knowledge in UI, and 191 (45.0%) had a low level of knowledge in POP. Having a tertiary level of education and receiving antenatal specialist care were both associated with better proficiency in both the PIKQ—UI (p < 0.001) and PIKQ—POP (p < 0.001) subscales. Pelvic floor disorder during pregnancy was common. A knowledge of pelvic floor disorder was lacking among pregnant women in this study. Having a tertiary education and receiving antenatal specialist care were both associated with better knowledge proficiency. This study hopefully serves as a basic platform for future educational programs to bridge the knowledge gaps in PFD among pregnant women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia

Farihan¹,

Phon

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Of the five RCTs, only three were also included in our study (CITAK et al, 2010;GOLMAKANI et al, 2015;KOLBERG et al, 2016), as we chose to include only studies conducted with primiparous women. It is already well known in the literature that, with each pregnancy and delivery, a woman's pelvic floor undergoes extremely relevant overloads and changes (GAO et al, 2022). Thus, when evaluating the effect of MPT in women with different parities, the results could not be considered reliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical therapy treatment for pelvic floor strengthening in women after vaginal delivery: A systematic review

Bairrada,

Bardin,

Ferrari

et al. 2023

Innovation in Health Research Advancing the Boundaries of Knowledge

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Introduction: Pregnancy and vaginal birth are considered risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) development, as urinary incontinence (UI), fecal incontinence (FI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a physiotherapeutic resource for PFD treatment, considered UI golden standard treatment with benefits also proven in postpartum women. Though, the lack of standardization of protocols brings gaps in scientific knowledge. Objective: To answer the question “Postpartum pelvic floor muscle training affects pelvic floor muscle strength, urinary function and sexual function?”. Methods: systematic review involving randomized clinical trials. Databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE e MEDLINE, beyond gray literature. Two reviewers selected the studies through the Rayyan program. Were included studies conducted with primiparous women up to one year after childbirth that used the following resources: vaginal cones or balls, electric stimulation, biofeedback, and PFMT, that have compared resources to usual care, placebo, or other treatment. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro Scale by two reviewers. Results: 1.381 articles were found, with 508 duplicates. After titles and abstract reading 79 were included for complete reading, then only eight were included for analysis. Most articles compared PFMT and PFMT instructions. Using the PEDro Scale, three included articles scored 8, one scored 7, one scored 6, two scored 5 and only one study scored 4. The main outcomes assessed were PFM contraction strength, endurance time, UI, and sexual function. Strength was mainly assessed by manometry and Oxford Scale, UI by questionnaires and Pad Test, and sexual function by questionnaires. Five studies showed improvement in PFM strength in the intervention group, two studies showed improvement in UI in the intervention group, and two studies showed improvement in sexual function in the intervention group. Conclusion: PFMT was beneficial for primiparous women up to one year after vaginal delivery, improving PFM strength, UI, and sexual function. Nevertheless, more studies with greater quality and greater homogeneity of the protocols and populations are needed.

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“…According to the Chinese classification, BMI values of <18.5 kg/m 2 , 18.5 ≤ BMI <24 kg/m 2 , 24 ≤ BMI <28 kg/m 2 , and BMI≥28 kg/m 2 represent underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively ( 15 ). Defecation posture refers to the posture that a woman adopted for most of her defecations and is categorized according to the potential impact on the PFM as squatting posture, sitting posture, or not specified ( 16 ). Regular PFMT here refers to performing PFMT at least one time a week for 20 min in total in the past 3 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function based on PISQ-12—an analysis of data from a multicenter cross-sectional study on 735 nulliparae during pregnancy

et al. 2023

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BackgroundPelvic floor muscle strength is well-known to be associated with female sexual function. However, there were a few studies that reported on the relationship between pelvic floor muscle strength and female sexual function in pregnant women, and the presented results were inconsistent. Nulliparae represent a specific cohort with simplicity to exclude confounding factors that are caused by parity. The present study aimed to explore the association of pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function based on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) of nulliparae during pregnancy.MethodsThis is the second analysis of the baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), which aimed to study the protective efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training on stress urinary incontinence at 6th week postpartum (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618). Nulliparae aged 20–40 years with singleton pregnancy before 16 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study, and data, including participants' demographic information, the Modified Oxford Scale (MOS), and PISQ-12, were collected. Eligible nulliparae were divided into two groups: Group MOS > 3 and Group MOS ≤ 3. Demographic information of the two groups was compared. Sexual function based on the PISQ-12 scores of the two groups was compared. A comparison of the PISQ-12 scores between the two groups was calculated by the Mann–Whitney U-test using SPSS version 23.0.ResultsA total of 735 eligible nulliparae were enrolled in this study. Along with MOS grading up, PISQ-12 scores tended to get lower. Of the 735 nulliparae, there were 378 and 357 participants included in Group MOS > 3 and Group MOS ≤ 3, respectively. The PISQ-12 scores of Group MOS > 3 were significantly lower than those of Group MOS ≤ 3 (11 vs. 12, p < 0.001). The scores of the frequency of feeling sexual desire, orgasm achievement, sexual excitement, sexual activity satisfaction, sexual intercourse pain, fear of urinary incontinence, and negative emotion reactions with the sexual intercourse of Group MOS > 3 were lower than those of Group MOS ≤ 3 (p < 0.05).ConclusionPelvic floor muscle strength was positively associated with sexual function based on the questionnaire of young nulliparae during their first trimester. Up to half of the nulliparae during the first trimester were suffering from weak pelvic floor muscle strength and nearly a quarter of the nulliparae were facing this weakness combined with sexual dysfunction.Trial registrationThis study has been registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618).

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Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia

Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia

Physical therapy treatment for pelvic floor strengthening in women after vaginal delivery: A systematic review

Association between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual function based on PISQ-12—an analysis of data from a multicenter cross-sectional study on 735 nulliparae during pregnancy

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