Pelvic venous variations in patients with congenital inferior vena cava anomalies: classification with computed tomography

Morita, Satoru; Higuchi, Mineko; Saito, N.; Mitsuhashi, Norio

doi:10.1080/02841850701499409

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, for a rare anatomic variation that was defined as type 2d, it was emphasized that the left lower extremity veins were continuing directly as left IVC to the left of the aorta, without uniting with the internal iliac vein (IIV), and the left IIV was being drained into the right IVC, uniting with the right main iliac vein. Our case also was partially similar to this rare anatomic variation defined by Morita et al, 4 but it differs from that variation in a few important ways. In our case, at the level of the left EIV beginning its course like the left IVC, a thick connection vein, which had an increment of calibration with the vein in question, was forming a connection with the right IVC to the slight upper of the left IIV connection level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…If the dorsal portion of the circumaortic collar persists, the left renal vein is located posterior to the aorta, forming a retroaortic left renal vein. 4 Congenital anomalies of the IVC can be classified under the main headings of suprarenal segment, renal segment, and subrenal segment anomalies. Regarding double IVC, which is one of the important anomalies of the subrenal segment, there is a subject about persistence of the bilateral supracardinal veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncommon Complex Anomaly of Inferior Vena Cava and Left Iliac Vein Demonstrated by Multidetector-Row CT Angiography

Oğul

Yuce

Yalçın

et al. 2014

International Surgery

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Retroperitoneal venous anomalies have clinical importance in retroperitoneal and pelvic surgery. Multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) angiography is an important imaging method to be preferred in evaluating vascular structures in this locality. We describe a complex retroperitoneal venous anomaly with a multidetector-row CT angiography.Key words: Complex venous anomaly -Inferior vena cava -Iliac vein -Multidetector-row CT imaging C ongenital venous abnormalities in the retroperitoneal space are relatively infrequent, and are usually recognized incidentally. These anomalies have clinical importance in retroperitoneal and pelvic surgery.1 The inferior vena cava (IVC) is formed by the junction of the common iliac veins. Congenital anomalies of the IVC are uncommon, having an incidence of 0.5% to 3%. 2 The most common major venous anomalies occurring in the retroperitoneum include transposition of the IVC, the double IVC, the circumaortic renal collar, and the retroaortic renal vein. Less common anomalies include the absence of the IVC, the absence of the hepatic segment of the IVC with azygos continuation, and the absence of the infrarenal segment of the IVC with preservation of the suprarenal segment. The position of the iliac veins is described according to the corresponding arteries. The common iliac veins are formed by the junction of the internal and external iliac veins. The anatomic variations and the congenital anomalies of these vessels have been well explained. 3 We reported a complex anatomic variation of retroperitoneal veins, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been mentioned before in the literature. Case ReportA 20-year-old man had a history of abdominal bloating for several months and recent occasional

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncommon Complex Anomaly of Inferior Vena Cava and Left Iliac Vein Demonstrated by Multidetector-Row CT Angiography

Oğul

Yuce

Yalçın

et al. 2014

International Surgery

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“…The duplicated inferior vena cava has a reported incidence of 2-3% in autopsy studies [15,18]. However, this anomaly diagnosed by CT, was only 0.3-0.6% [13,16]. This difference in occurrence suggests that the smaller component is not readily apparent on CT.…”

Section: Duplication Of the Inferior Vena Cavamentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A radiological study by Morita et al [16] also found that such anomalies were significantly more common in men (39 of 3821 cases-1%) than in women (12 of 2473 cases-0.5%); men/women ratio is 2:1.…”

Section: Duplication Of the Inferior Vena Cavamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These veins usually join to form one vein at the level of the origin of the renal arteries [1,2]. It is a rare developmental variant that has been reported to occur in 0.2-4% of the population [13][14][15][16]. However, coexistence of duplication of the inferior vena cava with the abdominal aortic aneurysm is described only in a few studies [5,[17][18][19], in which it accompanies other vascular variations [18] or developmental anomalies [20].…”

Section: Duplication Of the Inferior Vena Cavamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coexistence of the Aortic Aneurysm with the Main Vein Anomalies: Its Potential Clinical Implications and Vascular Complication

Polguj¹,

Stefańczyk²,

Stefańczyk³

2017

Aortic Aneurysm

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Four major variations of the venous system in the retroperitoneal space are the retroaortic left renal vein, left renal vein collar, left-sided inferior vena cava, and caval duplication. During surgery, especially, injury in veins is responsible for the most unexpected intraoperative bleeding. Therefore, above-mentioned anomalies pose potential hazards to surgeons during treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Preoperative diagnosis is highly desirable but is not always available so, during abdominal surgery, familiarity with the anatomy of the most common types of venous variations is the first step toward preventing vascular injury. The chapter includes information describing the demographic, clinical, and morphological characteristics of the presence of the aforementioned main vein anomalies including: gender distribution, frequency in population, the most commonly reported symptoms, and associate complications. Massive intraoperative bleeding may be dangerous during aortic dissection; however, venous bleeding is more complicated than arterial hemorrhage. Significant venous bleeding, in particular, can occur if major retroperitoneal venous anomalies are present. The anomalous veins are typically thinwalled, dilated, and tortuous. As a result, manipulation of these veins during abdominal aortic surgery places the patient at high risk of long-term massive hemorrhage.

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Exceedingly rare incidence of a double inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos continuation of left IVC

Dadkhah,

Pasha,

Amin Borjian

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageBecause of the complex embryonic origin of the abdominal venous structures, IVC and azygous systems can show numerous and even previously unreported anatomical variations and anomalies. Also, evaluating major vascular structures should not be dismissed in non‐contrast‐enhanced CT as it can provide valuable information about these structures.AbstractDouble IVC is a rare occurrence of IVC anatomical variations and congenital anomalies. Herein, we discuss a case of a very rare type of double IVC that has not been reported in the literature before. A non‐contrast‐enhanced CT study was performed for a 34‐year‐old patient who visited our ER to evaluate for urolithiasis, during which two IVCs were noted. Each renal vein joined the ipsilateral IVC at a perpendicular angle. Unusually, the right IVC was formed from the confluence of both left and right common iliac veins (CIV), and the left IVC—Instead of crossing the midline at the renal veins level and reuniting the right IVC—cranially contributed to the azygos vein formation and caudally joined the left CIV. Also, there were some small communicating veins between the two IVCs and the left gonadal vein was slightly dilated before suggesting a reflux from the left renal vein (LRV). A complimentary doppler ultrasound exam confirmed the diagnosis and revealed a left‐side varicocele. Although rare cases of hemiazygos continuation and interiliac connections of left‐side IVC in the cases of double‐IVC have been reported previously, a complete confluence of CIVs is rare. The main differential diagnosis is retro‐aortic left renal vein (RLRV) type IV which seems to have an oblique course. Radiologists and surgeons should expect previously unreported variations in the vena cava system. Furthermore, reviewing the main abdominal vasculature should not be dismissed in non‐contrast CT exams.

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Pelvic venous variations in patients with congenital inferior vena cava anomalies: classification with computed tomography

Abstract: Eight types of pelvic venous variations of congenital IVC anomalies were classified using CT.

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Uncommon Complex Anomaly of Inferior Vena Cava and Left Iliac Vein Demonstrated by Multidetector-Row CT Angiography

Uncommon Complex Anomaly of Inferior Vena Cava and Left Iliac Vein Demonstrated by Multidetector-Row CT Angiography

Coexistence of the Aortic Aneurysm with the Main Vein Anomalies: Its Potential Clinical Implications and Vascular Complication

Exceedingly rare incidence of a double inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos continuation of left IVC

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