Pemanfaatan Kulit Buah Kakao sebagai Media Adsorpsi Logam Besi (Fe) dan Mangan (Mn) pada Air Sumur

Abstract

This study aims to determine the percentage reduction in iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) content in well water using carbon from cocoa peel as an adsorption media with media height variation. The results of this study indicate that well water sample contains iron (Fe2+) levels of 1.39 mg/L and manganese (Mn2+) of 0.76 mg/L. After filtration with 60 minutes contact using carbon of cocoa peel as an adsorption media without activation, iron content and manganese content in well water decreased. The percentage reduction of iron (Fe2+) content in media height 70 cm, 80 cm and 90 cm were 76.98%, 84.17% and 98.21%. Meanwhile, the percentage in manganese (Mn2+) content at 70 cm media height was 98,93% and archived an optimum reduction at 80 cm and 90 cm media height which is 99.79% with 60 minute contact time.

Calcium Reduction Using Variations of Thickness and Retention Time of Cocoa Shell Activated Carbon

“…Several stages were carried out as follows. [13] The sample used is dug well water taken from one of the houses in Bulus Village, Tulungagung Regency. Based on the profile of Bulus Village, geographically Bulus Village is located right on the border of Tulungagung Regency and Trenggalek Regency (Figure 1), topographically located in the lowlands with an altitude of 100 m from sea level with an administrative area of 148,290 Ha.…”

“…There are three simulators with different thickness of activated carbon used. [13] Carbonization is done by a simple method of burning cocoa shells in a closed furnace. The carbonization process lasts for 2 hours in an airtight place.…”

“…Some studies on activated carbon used as an adsorbent include the use of activated carbon from palm shells as a filtration medium for physical characteristics of water covering turbidity, odor, pH and taste. The use of palm shells and corn cobs as a heavy metal absorber in batik waste [7] , adsorption of lead metal (Pb) from its solution using corn cobs [8] , the use of adsorbents from cocoa shells (Theobrema cacao L.) to reduce chemical oxygen demand in palm oil mill effluent [9] , study of the adsorption of hazelnut shell charcoal (Aleorotes moluccana) on Iron (III) and Lead (II) ions [10] , the effectiveness of activated carbon from kluwek (Pangium edule) fruit shells and coffee bean shells (Coffea arabica L.) on CO and CO gas adsorption on the absorption of CO gas and Pb particles from motor vehicle emissions [11] , the use of cocoa shell activated charcoal (Theobrema cacao L.) as an absorber of lead metal in used oil [12] , the use of cocoa fruit shells as an adsorption medium for iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) metals in well water [13] , and the effectiveness of using cocoa shell waste charcoal (Theobrema cacao L.) to reduce water hardness, salinity and organic compounds [14] . The adsorption process is an event of substance absorption on a solid surface with an attractive force [15] .…”

“…The high carbon content in cocoa shells can produce activated carbon with good quality. In previous studies, tests have been carried out related to the utilization of cocoa shell activated carbon including as a lead metal sorbent [12] , iron and manganese metal adsorption [13] , and reducing total hardness [14] . This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cocoa shell activated carbon in reducing calcium levels in dug well water based on activated carbon thickness and retention time.…”

Efektivitas Penyaringan Air Berbasis Kulit Durian Kering Sebagai Media Filtrasi Kadar Logam Berat Kadmium Dan Timbal

“…Metode tersebut dapat meningkatkan proses adsorpsi logam berat dalam air namun membutuhkan proses preparasi yang panjang sehingga sulit untuk dipreparasi secara cepat. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah durian menjadi alternatif yang unik untuk dikembangkan sebagai media filtrasi logam berat dalam air tanpa harus melalui tahapan aktivasi arang aktif namun cukup dikeringkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas adsorpsi unsur logam (Nurfahma et al, 2021). Kulit durian merupakan limbah padat yang dapat menyebabkan masalah lingkungan.…”