Pemanfaatan Limbah Ekstraksi Alginat dan Silase Ikan sebagai Bahan Pupuk Organik

Abstract

Percobaan pemanfaatan limbah padat ekstraksi alginat dengan tepung silase ikan (tepsil) menjadi bahan pupuk organik telah dilakukan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah rasio antara tepung limbah ekstraksi alginat : tepsil = 1:1; 2:1 dan 3:1. Sebagai pengikat antara tepung limbah ekstraksi dengan tepsil digunakan pasta Sargassum. Perlakuan rasio limbah padat ekstrasi alginat dengan tepsil mempengaruhi komposisi unsur hara makro dan mikro serta kadar hormon pemacu pertumbuhan dalam bahan pupuk. Ditinjau dari unsur hara makro maka perlakuan yang terbaik ditemukan pada perlakuan P 11 yakni satu bagian limbah alginat dan satu bagian tepsil dengan komposisi P 34,56 mg/100g, N 3,01%, K 1,2 mg/100g, Ca 48,23 mg/100g, C organik 21,31mg/ 100g, Mg 1,41 mg/100 g, kemampuan daya serap air 587,93% dengan unsur mikro Fe 217,01 ppm, Zn 8 ppm, Cu 0,02 ppm dan nilai hormon pertumbuhan giberelin 82,36 ppm, auksin 67,65 ppm, sitokinin-zeatin 36,86 ppm dan sitokinin-kinetin 28,71 ppm. Bahan pupuk yang dihasilkan dapat diproses lebih lanjut menjadi pupuk organik untuk kebutuhan pertanian setelah ditambah dengan unsur hara mikro dan makro dari bahan organik yang lain. KATA KUNCI: limbah padat alginat, tepung silase, unsur hara makro dan mikro, hormon pemacu pertumbuhan ABSTRACT Experiment on the use of solid waste of alginate extraction and fish silage powder into a primary organic fertilizer was carried out. Ratio between solid waste of alginate extraction and fish silage powder were: 1:1; 2:1 and 3:1 respectively, while Sargassum pulp was used as a binder in the production of primary fertilizer. The ratio of silage powder and solid waste of alginate extraction affected the macro and micro nutrients as well as the growth hormone content of each treatment. Based on the macro nutrients content, P 11 treatment with a ratio of solid waste of alginate and silage powder 1 : 1 was the best shown by the content of P (34.56 mg/100g), N (3.01%), K (1.2 mg/ 100g), Ca (48.23 mg/100g), C organik (21.31mg/100g), Mg (1.41 mg/100 g), ability to absorp water (587.93%) and the content of micro nutrients Fe (217,01 ppm), Zn (8 ppm), Cu (0,02 ppm) and growth stimulating hormone giberellin (82.36 ppm), auxin (67.65 ppm), citokynin-zeatin (36.86 ppm) dan citokynin-kinetin (28.71 ppm). The primary fertilizer could be processed into organic fertilizer for agriculture purpose after addition with micro and macro nutrient originated from other organic materials.

The role of microorganisms in solid biofertilizer production

“…Differences in total N levels are influenced by differences in the composition of organic fertilizers and by the microbial activity they contain. The addition of sargassum flour and fish silage in the manufacture of organic fertilizers can increase the levels of N-total [4,23], in addition, during the SK fermentation process, the bacteria contained can carry out the composting process, thus enabling the fixation of N elements from the air. N-total in SM treatment was slightly lower than in SK treatment, presumably because no nitrogen-fixing bacteria were introduced to SM treatment.…”

“…To grow fully, plants need a source of nutrients and growth hormones as well as to protect themselves from predators [1]. It is estimated that there are 17 essential nutrients for plant growth and development [2], namely micro nutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, S and Zn), macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca), and growth hormones (auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins) [3,4]. Micro and macronutrients are available in bound form with other chemicals so that energy is needed for plants to absorb them.…”

“…Fertilizer formulation using solid waste processing Sargassum, fish silage, and K. alvarezii was reported to contain only low micro and macro nutrients [3], while the fertilizer formulation using seaweed sargassum, K. alvarezii and fish silage contained auxin growth hormone (IAA) 46.75 ppm, gibberellins (GA3) 22.25 ppm, cytokinin-zeatin 18.50 ppm, cytokinin-kinetin 61.00 ppm, kation K + 0.43 ppm, and total-N 0.53% [4]. For this reason, a new formula is needed that utilizes certain microbes that IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1137/1/012037 2 can increase the binding of nutrients to fertilizers and provide growth hormones.…”

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Alginate Extracted from Sargassum sp

“…From an economic perspective, the higher the yield, the better because the higher the opportunity to earn more income. [32] ****) Srikandi et al [37] The yield of Na-alginate generated from brown seaweed is affected by the environment, seaweed age, post-harvest handling practices, and extraction process, particularly extraction temperature [38]; [39]. The resulting low yield can be affected during the flouring or grinding and sifting [34].…”

Pemanfaatan Tepung Ampas dari Ekstraksi Agar untuk Bahan Pupuk Tanaman

“…Adi guna, Pram esti dan Susant o (2014) menemukan bahwa dalam limbah padat agar kertas pada nilai pH 7,3 terkandung unsur hara C 27,28% ; kadar air 29,98%; nisbah C/N 8; N-total 3,42% ; P 0,37 %; Ca 10,44% ; Mg 0,98% ; K 1,54%, Na 1,70% dan unsur hara Fe 2573 ppm; Cu 5 ppm ; Zn 182 ppm ; Mn 83 ppm ; kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) 49,33 cmol/kg ; kejenuhan basa (KB) >100%. Sedangkan Basmal, Widanarto, Kusumawati dan Utomo (2014) menemukan kombinasi limbah alginat dan tepsil mengandung unsur hara makro P 34,56 mg/100g, N 3,01%, K 1,2 mg/100g, Ca 48,23 mg/ 100g, C 21,31mg/100g, dan unsur hara mikro Mg 14,1 ppm, Fe 217,01ppm, Zn 8 ppm, Cu 0,02 ppm, dan kemampuan daya serap air 587,93%. Kelemahan dari kedua hasil penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya kandungan unsur hara makro P dan K serta unsur hara mikro Mn.…”