Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergaji Sebagai Substitusi Bahan Bakar Pada Proses Pembakaran - Kiln Di Pabrik Semen Dengan Pendekatan Life Cycle Assesment (Lca)

Abstract

Cement production was a process that requires huge thermal energy and produces high greenhouse gas emissions. Coprocessing or utilising alternative materials and alternative fuels for the combustion process in kiln was a solution to meet energy needs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the cement industry. This study aimed to analyze input, output, environmental impacts of cement production and calculate CO2-eq reduction from the system used alternative fuels on co-processing. The method used to determine differences and calculate CO2-eq reduction due to co-processing was life cycle assessment (LCA) and system approach. Based on the results of the LCA, the case 1 that used 100% coal energy required 3.50 GJ/ton-cement, 126 kWh/toncement, 2.19 L-diesel-oil/ton of cement and emited 0.84 ton-CO2-eq/ton-cement. Case 2 that had been substituted alternative fuels (saw dust) required 3.03 GJ per ton of cement, 118 kWh per ton of cement, 1.44 L diesel oil per ton of cement and emited 0.92 ton-CO2-eq per ton of cement. The results of global warming impact of case 2 was higher than case 1. The assumption of climate neutral made reduction global warming impact of case 2 by 14.65% and decrease CO2 emissions annually in plant by 71,601 tons CO2/year. This result show that utilization of saw dust as biomass of climate neutral can be applied as an input for overall company specific emissions calculation to meet government regulation.

Efisiensi Penambahan Bahan Bakar Wood Pellet di Rotary Kiln pada Pabrik Semen

“…Selama proses pembuatan semen, CO2 dihasilkan dari tiga sumber: pembakaran bahan bakar dalam rotary kiln untuk mempertahankan suhu tungku yang diperlukan, dekarbonasi batu kapur dalam rotary kil, dan listrik di instalasi seperti pabrik penggilingan [14].…”

“…Emisi tersebut terdiri atas emisi CO2 dari kalsinasi sebanyak 0,45 ton, emisi CO2 dari pembakaran batu bara sebannyak 0,28 ton, dan CO2 dari pembangkit listrik untuk keperluan operasional sebanyak 0,1 ton CO2 ekuivalen. Dari tiga sumber, dekarbonasi batu kapur menghasilkan 60% dari emisi CO2 yang dikeluarkan dari kiln semen [14].…”

“…Rataan nilai emisi gas rumah kaca per ton semen dunia sebesar 0,77 ton CO2-eq per ton semen dengan rentang nilai antara 0,65-0,92 ton CO2-eq per ton-semen. Dalam perhitungan beban emisi yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran, diperlukan data aktivitas berupa data konsumsi bahan bakar [14].…”

“…Kredit CER ini dapat dipertukarkan, diperdagangkan, atau digunakan oleh negara industri berkembang sehingga bisa menncapai target penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca yang tertera dalam Kyoto Protocol [14]. Kebutuhan bahan bakar untuk 1 ton semen: Biomassa wood pellet memiliki kalor yang terkandung oleh 1 ton wood pellet yaitu 4,387 kKal, sedangkan 1 ton batubara (4,823 kKal) dapat diganti dengan wood pellet sebanyak 1,10 ton.…”

Comparison of Global Warming Potential-Impact on the Handling of the Hazardous-Sludge From the Centralized Industrial-Wastewater Treatment Plant

“…The accuracy of the simulation results is determined by several factors, including the accuracy of the analytical results, the suitability of mass balance calculation and other factors that are also considered influential in the calculation. et al, (2018) stated that the interpretation of results included two important steps, i.e., identification of important issues and evaluation (Nugraha, Wiloso, and Yani, 2018). Consistency of inventory results is needed in identifying important issues that will be discussed, as well as evaluating the impact caused, referring to the goals and scope that have been determined.…”