Pemikiran Filsafat Manusia Ibnu Miskawaih: Telaah Kritis Atas Kitab Tahdzib Alakhlaq

Abstract

This article aims to describe human philosophical thought of Ibn Miskawaih in the book entitled Tahdzib Alakhlaq which is focused on the conception of human being structure; the relation of human material substance (physic) and immaterial substance (soul); the human life ultimate; and the conception of Insan Kamil. Based on the library studies, by using content analysis approach, this study found the historical fact that Ibnu Miskawaih acknowledged; first, the existence of physical essence made human being bound by space, time, and material determination. While the existence of soul made human being be able to build a relationship with God and to create culture and civilization. Second the existence of a structural and functional relationship between physic as a material substance, and soul as an immaterial substance of a human being, and not human immaterial essential relationship. Third, the human life ultimate is to achieve ideal condition, related to their behavior and special characteristic, i.e. faculty of thought. Fourth, the conception of Insan Kamil which is emphasized to the force and magnificence of the faculty of thought that made human left their instincts, syahwiyah and amarah desire toward sharia law and wisdom of thought so that they would be able to achieve to the highest position in the human nature.

Character Strength and virtues in The Perspective Of Islamic Education Psychology and Implication in Guidance and Counseling Services

“…It's just that the power of transcendence or sometimes also called spirituality, namely the power of emotions that reaches outside of oneself to connect oneself to something bigger and more permanent: other people, the future, evolution, divinity, or the universe, is not specifically mentioned in the strength of the character of Ibn Miskawaih and Imam Al-Ghazali. Of course we can understand this easily because the four strengths of character formulated by Ibn Miskawaih and Imam Al-Ghazali always state that all characters must be based on reason and shari'ah (Bakri, 2018). and Islamic shari'ah, must accompany and become a barometer of the four strengths of these characters.…”

Urgensi Sanad Dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalitas Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam

“…'Adl adalah orang yang senantiasa menjaga ketakwaan dan Muruahnya (kehormatannya). Secara umum Ibn Miskawaih yang di dalam (Bakri, 2018)…”

Ibnu Miskawaih's Islamic Economic Thinking (Reviewing The Concept of Exchange and The Role of Money According to Ibnu Miskawaih)

“…This does not mean that Ibn Miskawaih is not moral, it's just that the problem is viewed from a purely knowledge perspective. 6) Jawidan Khairad (collection of wise expressions), ( 7) Al-jami' (About the congregation), ( 8) Al-Syiar (about the rules of life), ( 9) About simple medicine (regarding medicine), (10) About Bajat composition (regarding the art of cooking), (11) Kitab al-Asyribah (regarding drinks), (12) Tahzib al-Akhlaq (regarding morality), ( 13) Risalah fi al-Ladzdzat wa-Alam fi Jauhar al-Nafs (text in Instantbul, Raghib Majmu'an no. 1463, sheets 57a-59a).…”

“…Nur Hamim 8 and Benny Prasetiya 9 explained about comparative moral education and the dialectic of the educational concepts of Ibn Miskawaih and Al-Ghazali, meanwhile Harpan Reski Mulia examines character education, analyzes the thoughts of Ibn Miskawaih 10 and Hadi Candra,et al discusses habituation of character education in Ibn Miskawaih's thinking 11 , while Syamsul Bakri examines Human Philosophy on Ibn Miskawaih's thoughts in the Book of Tahdzib Alakhlaq. 12 In this case, there is a question how is Ibn Miskawaih's contribution in terms of the economy? The answer is, of course, although not as much as Ibn Miskawaih thought in education and philosophy.…”