Penalty and Eulerian–Lagrangian VOF methods for impact and solidification of metal droplets plasma spray process

Vincent, Stéphane; Bot, Cédric Le; Sarret, F.; Meillot, E.; Caltagirone, Jean‐Paul; Bianchi, L.

doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.10.004

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The initial diameter (D 0 ) of the solder alloy Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu droplet is 50 μm. Each sample was calculated and validated using the spreading factor parameter ζ max (t) defined as: [41]

{sans-serifζ}_{\max} (t) = \frac{D_{\max} (normalt)}{D_{0}},

where D max (t) is the diameter of the contact disk between the droplet and the substrate and D 0 is the initial diameter of the droplet before impact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Printing of 1-D and 2-D Electronically Conductive Structures by Molten Lead-Free Solder

2016

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This study aims to determine the effects of appropriate experimental parameters on the thermophysical properties of molten micro droplets, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder balls with an average droplet diameter of 50 μm were prepared. The inkjet printing parameters of the molten micro droplets, such as the dot spacing, stage velocity and sample temperature, were optimized in the 1D and 2D printing of metallic microstructures. The impact and mergence of molten micro droplets were observed with a high-speed digital camera. The line width of each sample was then calculated using a formula over a temperature range of 30 to 70 °C. The results showed that a metallic line with a width of 55 μm can be successfully printed with dot spacing (50 μm) and the stage velocity (50 mm∙s−1) at the substrate temperature of 30 °C. The experimental results revealed that the height (from 0.63 to 0.58) and solidification contact angle (from 72° to 56°) of the metallic micro droplets decreased as the temperature of the sample increased from 30 to 70 °C. High-speed digital camera (HSDC) observations showed that the quality of the 3D micro patterns improved significantly when the droplets were deposited at 70 °C.

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“…The initial diameter (D 0 ) of the solder alloy Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu droplet is 50 μm. Each sample was calculated and validated using the spreading factor parameter ζ max (t) defined as: [41]

{sans-serifζ}_{\max} (t) = \frac{D_{\max} (normalt)}{D_{0}},

where D max (t) is the diameter of the contact disk between the droplet and the substrate and D 0 is the initial diameter of the droplet before impact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Printing of 1-D and 2-D Electronically Conductive Structures by Molten Lead-Free Solder

2016

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“…Many scholars have verified that the application of the Eulerian Multi Fluid VoF model in the study of gas-liquid two-phase flow is feasible, and the model is widely used in the study of multiphase flow in various scenarios [29][30][31]. Song and Jokilaakso [32] used the Eulerian Multi Fluid VoF model to simulate multiphase flow in bottom blown copper smelting (SKS) furnace, and used a water model experiment to verify the correctness of the mathematical model, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Application Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of continuous bubbles motion behavior with different lance spacings

et al. 2023

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The lance is a critical component of the bottom-blowing pool melting process, and its placement has an important impact on the pool?s gas-liquid two-phase flow. In this study, a mathematical model of the bottom-blowing process is established, and the flow pattern, trajectory, wake vortex, and velocity of bubbles under four lance spacings are simulated. Results show that there are three basic bubble flow patterns appear in the flow field: bubbles coalesce before leaving the nozzle (Pattern I), bubbles coalesce after leaving the nozzle (Pattern II), and no coalescence during the rise of bubbles (Pattern III). The bubble pattern varies from Pattern I to Pattern III with the increase in lance spacing. The intensity of the influence of the wake vortex on the bubbles decreases. The Q (The Q is the second Galilean invariant of the velocity gradient tensor ?v.) value of the wake vortex is small, but the vortex structural distribution is complex. Moreover, there is a large velocity difference between gas and liquid at the beginning of gas injection, but the velocity difference between them decreases after gas injection, so the average turbulent kinetic energy in the pool initially increases sharply, and then approaches dynamic equilibrium. The top and bottom velocities of the bubbles are consistent, and the velocity fluctuation is orderly. Moreover, the greater the lance spacing is, the greater the disturbance in the pool is. The mixing effect of D = 0.2 m is the best among the four spacings.

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“…In order to investigate the flow field during droplet impacting, spreading, oscillating, and solidifying on vertical substrates, a numerical model was established using the volume of fluid (VOF) method [24][25][26]. The mathematical principle of this simulation model is similar to our previous work [27,28].…”

Section: Numerical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the impact and solidification of metal droplets in ground-based investigation of droplet deposition 3D printing under microgravity

Huang

Luo

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Penalty and Eulerian–Lagrangian VOF methods for impact and solidification of metal droplets plasma spray process

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Direct Printing of 1-D and 2-D Electronically Conductive Structures by Molten Lead-Free Solder

Direct Printing of 1-D and 2-D Electronically Conductive Structures by Molten Lead-Free Solder

Numerical simulation of continuous bubbles motion behavior with different lance spacings

Insights into the impact and solidification of metal droplets in ground-based investigation of droplet deposition 3D printing under microgravity

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