Pendular energy transduction in the different phases of gait cycle in post-stroke subjects

Fábrica, Gabriel; Jerez‐Mayorga, Daniel; Silva-Pereyra, Valentina

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.06.006

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As such, the post-stroke gait lacked the marked characteristic of increasing recovery while transitioning from a speed below the PWS to PWS, evident in controls PWS (R int 0–100% stride: 40% PWS≈47%; PWS≈57%) ( Saibene and Minetti, 2003 ). Our energy recovery data (stroke≈45%, control≈57%) is in agreement with previously-reported data for level walking at PWS (stroke≈50%, control≈56%; Fábrica et al, 2019 ), but displayed high variability. Although studies conducted during treadmill ( Minetti et al, 1995 ) or overground walking ( Balbinot, 2017 ) reported similar recovery amplitudes, in the present study, a possible explanation is the emergence of anomalous BCoM energy fluctuations during treadmill use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Collet and collaborators showed how some participants may employ a low-recovery walking strategy while walking on the treadmill ( Collett et al, 2007 ). This may have increased the variability in the recovery profiles and hampered our study in detecting a statistical significance for this parameter, although several trends appeared and corroborated previous findings of lower R int for stroke survivors ( Fábrica et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…W int ) have a well-consolidated relation with the metabolic demands of walking ( Saibene and Minetti, 2003 ; Stoquart et al, 2012 ). A few studies have documented this increase of W ext in stroke survivors ( Detrembleur et al, 2003 ; Fábrica et al, 2019 ; Mahon et al, 2015 ; Stoquart et al, 2012 ). Here, we corroborate these findings of increased W ext , which was mainly related to W v production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with previous findings that related faster treadmill walking with a more normal walking pattern after stroke without changes in gait compensations, such as circumduction ( Tyrell et al, 2011 ). The hemiplegic gait also displays shorter stride lengths with a prolonged swing phase on the paretic side ( Fábrica et al, 2019 ). We can speculate that the reduced internal energy production within the non-paretic shank (vertical and horizontal) and thigh (vertical) may reflect the stabilizing role of the non-paretic limb to assist in this transition, keeping the non-paretic supporting leg in phase with the BCoM by using shorter steps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and energetic determinants of impaired gait following stroke: segmental work and pendular energy transduction during treadmill walking

et al. 2020

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Systems biology postulates the balance between energy production and conservation in optimizing locomotion. Here, we analyzed how mechanical energy production and conservation influenced metabolic energy expenditure in stroke survivors during treadmill walking at different speeds. We used the body center of mass (BCoM) and segmental center of mass to calculate mechanical energy production: external and each segment's mechanical work (W seg). We also estimated energy conservation by applying the pendular transduction framework (i.e. energy transduction within the step; R int). Energy conservation was likely optimized by the paretic lower-limb acting as a rigid shaft while the non-paretic limb pushed the BCoM forward at the slower walking speed. W seg production was characterized by greater movements between the limbs and body, a compensatory strategy used mainly by the non-paretic limbs. Overall, W seg production following a stroke was characterized by non-paretic upper-limb compensation, but also by an exaggerated lift of the paretic leg. This study also highlights how post-stroke subjects may perform a more economic gait while walking on a treadmill at preferred walking speeds. Complex neural adaptations optimize energy production and conservation at the systems level, and may fundament new insights onto post-stroke neurorehabilitation. This article has and associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and energetic determinants of impaired gait following stroke: segmental work and pendular energy transduction during treadmill walking

et al. 2020

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“…In patients, the deficits due to stroke may have greatly impaired the movements and reduced the capacity of exploiting the pendular mechanism of walking [ 54 ]. It may explain our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorized Assessment of Dynamic Locomotor Imagery in People with Stroke and Healthy Subjects

Bartolo

Belluscio

Vannozzi

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Dynamic motor imagery (dMI) is a motor imagery task associated with movements partially mimicking those mentally represented. As well as conventional motor imagery, dMI has been typically assessed by mental chronometry tasks. In this paper, an instrumented approach was proposed for quantifying the correspondence between upper and lower limb oscillatory movements performed on the spot during the dMI of walking vs. during actual walking. Magneto-inertial measurement units were used to measure limb swinging in three different groups: young adults, older adults and stroke patients. Participants were tested in four experimental conditions: (i) simple limb swinging; (ii) limb swinging while imagining to walk (dMI-task); (iii) mental chronometry task, without any movement (pure MI); (iv) actual level walking at comfortable speed. Limb swinging was characterized in terms of the angular velocity, frequency of oscillations and sinusoidal waveform. The dMI was effective at reproducing upper limb oscillations more similar to those occurring during walking for all the three groups, but some exceptions occurred for lower limbs. This finding could be related to the sensory feedback, stretch reflexes and ground reaction forces occurring for lower limbs and not for upper limbs during walking. In conclusion, the instrumented approach through wearable motion devices adds significant information to the current dMI approach, further supporting their applications in neurorehabilitation for monitoring imagery training protocols in patients with stroke.

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Mechanical work as a (key) determinant of energy cost in human locomotion: recent findings and future directions

Peyré‐Tartaruga

Dewolf

Prampero

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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During locomotion, muscles use metabolic energy to produce mechanical work (in a more or less efficient way), and energetics and mechanics can be considered as two sides of the same coin, the latter being investigated to understand the former. A mechanical approach based on König's theorem (Fenn's approach) has proved to be a useful tool to elucidate the determinants of the energy cost of locomotion (e.g., the pendulum-like model of walking and the bouncing model of running) and has resulted in many advances in this field. During the past 60 years, this approach has been refined and applied to explore the determinants of energy cost and efficiency in a variety of conditions (e.g., low gravity, unsteady speed). This narrative review aims to summarize current knowledge of the role that mechanical work has played in our understanding of energy cost to date, and to underline how recent developments in analytical methods and their applications in specific locomotion modalities (on a gradient, at low gravity and in unsteady conditions) and in pathological gaits (asymmetric gait pathologies, obese subjects and in the elderly) could continue to push this understanding further. The recent in vivo quantification of new aspects that should be included in the assessment of mechanical work (e.g., frictional internal work and elastic contribution) deserves future research that would improve our knowledge of the

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Pendular energy transduction in the different phases of gait cycle in post-stroke subjects

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Mechanical and energetic determinants of impaired gait following stroke: segmental work and pendular energy transduction during treadmill walking

Mechanical and energetic determinants of impaired gait following stroke: segmental work and pendular energy transduction during treadmill walking

Sensorized Assessment of Dynamic Locomotor Imagery in People with Stroke and Healthy Subjects

Mechanical work as a (key) determinant of energy cost in human locomotion: recent findings and future directions

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