“…It found in a variety of minerals, such as monazite, xenotime, zircon, and ilmenite [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Some human activities, such as nuclear fuel plants, ore mining, tin processing, rare-earth extraction process, production of phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock processing, industrial boilers, coal-fired utilities, and laboratories dealing with radioactive substances, contributed to an increase in the concentration of thorium in our environment as a result of waste generated from such activities [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Thus, the removal of thorium from radioactive waste is regarded as a crucial issue in the treatment of such waste because it is extremely dangerous and can harm the environment and human health due to its radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity, as well as its long half-life [ 10 ].…”