Abstract:ENGLISHSustainable standards and certification have been implemented in Indonesia for more than two decades. Although promoted as 'voluntary', standards and certification have become de facto 'requirements' for farmers to be able to access global markets. Most coffee plantations in Indonesia (about 98%) are managed by smallholders with limited participation in standards and certification. However, standards and certification programs continue to run, as well as international market demands for sustainable coff… Show more
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