Penetrant Inspection Standards

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review some of the quantitative techniques that have been used for the evaluation of penetrant systems and to present an analysis technique based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) that appears to have a potential for rating penetrants. The paper covers five areas: quantitative penetrant methods, two-fold congruency evaluation, the limitations on the reuse of the specimens, the influence of threshold visibility on evaluation of penetrants, and crack line intersection counting and evaluation of the crack line intersection data by ANOVA to evaluate the effects of primary and secondary influencing variables.

Probability of Detection of Internal Voids in Structural Ceramics Using Microfocus Radiography

“…The optimized-probability method (ref. 25) was used to subdivide the thickness sensitivity data into small intervals and to plot reliability curves for each material sample. This method was chosen because the thickness sensitivity (void size) data were not uniformly distributed throughout the data range and the total number of voids in specific intervals was not the optimum (due to practical considerations and other factors that prevented full control of implanted void sizes).…”

“…For these reasons the opt1mized-proba"b111ty method (ref. 25) was used to subdivide the thickness sensitivity data into small intervals and to plot reliability curves for each of the materials under consideration (figs. 12 to 13).…”