Penetrating facial injuries may cause intracranial damage

Combined transcranial and transnasal endoscopic approach in transnasal-penetrating intracranial injury: A rare case report

“…Surgery is the main strategy for the treatment of penetrating skull base injuries [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] . The following are surgical indications: fracture displacement, CSF leakage, retained objects, vascular injury, and intracranial hemorrhage [13] , [14] , [15] . During surgery, foreign bodies are removed, brain tissue is decompressed, and the skull base is reconstructed.…”

“…We chose the pterional approach because it provided the most direct route to the location of the foreign body as well as a clear view of the foreign body through the intracranial cavity, and also enabled the wood fragments that had entered the cavity to be cleared. To uncover foreign objects, it is sometimes necessary to drill the base of the skull [13] , [14] , [15] , [18] .…”

“…Thorough debridement along the exposed route, as well as careful reconstruction of the skull base, is critical for preventing postoperative infection and CSF leakage. Aggressive debridement for deep-seated debris, on the other hand, should be avoided as it has been linked to increased disability and mortality [13] , [14] , [15] , [18] .…”