Penetration tests on the DS-2 Mars microprobes: penetration depth and impact accelerometry

Lorenz, R. D.; Moersch, Jeffrey E.; Stone, Judith F.; Morgan, A. R.; Smrekar, S. E.

doi:10.1016/s0032-0633(00)00016-7

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…This gun has been used more recently in penetration tests of DS-2 forebodies [3] , and in studies of impact heating and triboelectric charging [4]. This facility was used in the nose-shape optimization trials, but was both too narrow for the coring penetrator and too short to accelerate the larger mass at acceptably low chamber pressures, the tank on the original gun being rated to only about 5 bar.…”

Section: Air Gunmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Density was determined simply by weighing just prior to target installation, the volume of the target being known as the rigid container was filled to a consistent depth. The bulk density of the target material was determined to be between 550 and 750 kg/m 3 At the low temperatures of these tests, a shear vane gauge (where a cruciform vane is rotated to determine shear strength) had insufficient range to capture a strength measurement.…”

Section: Target Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 5cm diameter of the projectile means the swept volume of target material was of the order of 200 cm 3 (somewhat less in that the nose was hollow, but compensated by the flare at the back). The kinetic energy of the 20kg penetrator at 18 m/s is around 3200 J, and thus the energy per unit volume dissipated in the target (a quantity which has the dimensions of strength) is around 16 MPa -again rather consistent with our strength estimates above.…”

Section: Penetration Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of comet sample collection by penetrator

2006

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We describe laboratory tests to investigate and demonstrate the acquisition and encapsulation of a subsurface sample from a comet analogue using a coring penetrator. The penetrator imbeds itself in the target, coring out a sample during the impact itself. Mechanisms seal the sample in a canister and the canister is spring-ejected from the rear of the penetrator where it can be retrieved in free-flight by a mother spacecraft, which thus need not perform a landing. We describe the penetrator vehicle, sample preparation and testing technique using the large airgun at the University of Arizona, and the performance results which indicate the technique is an attractive option for comet nucleus sample return.

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Section: Air Gunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Penetration Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of comet sample collection by penetrator

2006

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“…Fine structure in the accelerometer record may indicate structure at the centimeter level. Laboratory tests [Lorenz et al, 1999b] indicate that a high-frequency noise component is found in coarse gravel targets that is not present in finer-grained materials. Another observation that has been made in these tests is that paint applied to the forebody is, in general, only abraded away on the hemispherical nose.…”

Section: Polar Layered Terrain and The Ds2 Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Space 2: The Mars Microprobe Mission

Smrekar¹,

Catling²,

Lorenz³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The Mars Microprobe Mission will be the second of the New Millennium Program's technology development missions to planetary bodies. The mission consists of two penetrators that weigh 2.4 kg each and are being carried as a piggyback payload on the Mars Polar Lander cruise ring. The spacecraft arrive at Mars on December 3, 1999. The two identical penetrators will impact the surface at---190 m/s and penetrate up to 0.6 m. They will land within 1 to 10 km of each other and---50 km from the Polar Lander on the south polar layered terrain. The primary objective of the mission is to demonstrate technologies that will enable future science missions and, in particular, network science missions. A secondary goal is to acquire science data. A subsurface evolved water experiment and a thermal conductivity experiment will estimate the water content and thermal properties of the regolith. The atmospheric density, pressure, and temperature will be derived using descent deceleration data. Impact accelerometer data will be used to determine the depth of penetration, the hardness of the regolith, and the presence or absence of 10 cm scale layers.

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“…For these proof-of-concept experiments, two test articles were constructed, using 40mm diameter penetrator forebodies developed 3 years previously for impact tests of the DS-2 Mars penetrators [5,6,7]. All the bodies had been machined from brass.…”

Section: Proof-of-conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface ambient thermoelectric power for moles and penetrators

Lorenz

2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8652)

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Abstract-A technique for electrical power generation for planetary exploration applications using thermoelectric conversion of subsurface heat flows is described. Sufficiently shallow vehicles can exploit the diurnal temperature cycle as heat flows in and out of the soil -the converter exploits the temperature gradient along the length of the vehicle. Proof-of-concept experiments are described using off-the-shelf thermoelectric CPU cooling plates as generators.

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Penetration tests on the DS-2 Mars microprobes: penetration depth and impact accelerometry

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Demonstration of comet sample collection by penetrator

Demonstration of comet sample collection by penetrator

Deep Space 2: The Mars Microprobe Mission

Subsurface ambient thermoelectric power for moles and penetrators

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