“…Many previous studies related to the cost of capital have been carried out include governance (AlHares, 2020; Arslan, 2019;Khan et al, 2020;Pham et al, 2012), litigation risk (Qin et al, 2020), corporate social responsibility disclosure (Atan et al, 2018;Ellili, 2020;Gjergji et al, 2021;Johnson, 2020;Rahmasari, 2013), economic policy uncertainty (Xu, 2020), risk disclosure (Almania, 2019;Liu, 2020), leverage (Battisti et al, 2020;Rajverma et al, 2019), environmental disclosure (Anh, 2020;Haninun et al, 2019), integrated reporting (Vena et al, 2019), ownership structure (Rajverma et al, 2019), dividend policy (Rajverma et al, 2019), disclosure quality (Ezat, 2019), intellectual capital disclosure (Gomes et al, 2019), employee shareholding (Aubert et al, 2017), information risk (Safdar & Yan, 2016), earnings management (Patro & Kanagaraj, 2016), board of directors concentration (Upadhyay, 2014), excess control (Bozec et al, 2014), and earnings quality (Apergis et al, 2012).…”