“…One of these methods is using transfer pricing (Fasita, Firmansyah, & Irawan, 2022;Panjalusman, Nugraha, & Setiawan, 2018;Utami & Irawan, 2022;S. Wijaya & Hidayat, 2021), thin capitalization (Fasita et al, 2022;Rini, Dipa, & Yudha, 2022;Salwah & Herianti, 2019;Utami & Irawan, 2022), deferred tax (Akbar, Rinaldi, & William, 2022;Gula & Mulyani, 2020;Jati & Murwaningsari, 2020;Suciarti, Suryani, & Kurnia, 2020), and inventory intensity (Intan & Jati, 2019;Niandari & Novelia, 2022;Sari & Indrawan, 2022;Yulianty, Khrisnatika, Amrie Firmansyah, & MM, 2021). Utami and Irawan (2022) state that multinational companies often abuse transfer pricing to evade government supervision by taking advantage of the differences in tax rates between countries, so they can pay lower taxes.…”