Pengaruh Keragaman Penggunaan Lahan di Ekosistem Gambut sub DAS Kapuas Kabupaten Kubu Raya

Abstract

Lahan gambut merupakan komponen ketahanan lingkungan yang diupayakan untuk menjamin keamanan publik dan munculnya bahaya lingkungan yang disebabkan secara alami oleh alam maupun disengaja oleh perbuatan manusia. Lahan gambut di Desa Teluk Empening telah mengalami konversi menjadi lahan usahatani seperti lahan sawit, karet dan jahe, sedangkan lahan sekunder yang ada pada daerah penelitian sebelumnya pernah mengalami kebakaran pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman jenis pada lahan gambut dengan melakukan pengukuran biodiversitas lahan dengan analisis vegetasi. Kemudian menganalisis pengaruh konversi lahan gambut dengan pengukuran sifat fisik tanah, pengukuran Tinggi Muka Air tanah, pengukuran dimensi saluran dan pengujian kualitas air. Perubahan dinamika tutupan lahan yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, data diperoleh dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner sebanyak 30 sampel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan lahan jahe, karet dan sawit memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) ±0 dikategorikan biodiversitas rendah. Lahan sekunder memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) 2,001 masuk kategori biodiversitas sedang. Konversi lahan gambut mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah gambut seperti parameter porositas, permeabilitas, kadar serat dan kadar air. Konversi lahan gambut menjadi lahan karet memengaruhi penurunan muka air tanah yaitu setinggi 68 cm. Pengaruh konversi terhadap kualitas air pada lahan, ditandai dengan parameter pH berkisar 3,3 - 4,6, TSS berkisar 6-440 mg/l dan DO berkisar 0,89-3,4 mg/l yang tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu yang ditetapkan yaitu Kelas 2 PP No.82 Tahun 2001. Konversi lahan gambut semakin meningkat tiap tahun dan mempengaruhi kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat dengan fungsi sosial penyerapan tenaga kerja serta fungsi ekonomi pendapatan dari hasil produksi usahatani. Lahan gambut memberikan keunggulan dan kapasitas bagi kawasan lokal untuk kekuatan alam seperti lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial yang dapat dilakukan sambil tetap menjaga daya tahan lingkungan. AbstractPeatlands are a component of environmental resilience that strives to ensure the safety and security of environmental hazards caused naturally or intentionally by human actions. Peatland in Teluk Empening Village has undergone conversion to agricultural land such as oil palm, rubber and ginger, while the secondary land in the previous study area experienced fires in 2017. This research was conducted by identifying the diversity of species on peatland by measuring biodiversity land with vegetation analysis. Then analyze the effect of peat land conversion with physical measurements of soil, measurement of groundwater level, measurement of channel dimensions and testing of water quality. Changes in land cover dynamics obtained from socio-economic conditions, data obtained using observations, interviews and questionnaires as many as 30 samples. The analysis showed that ginger, rubber and oil palm land had a diversity index value (H ') ± 0 which was categorized as low biodiversity. Secondary land has a diversity index value (H ') of 2,001 in the medium biodiversity category. Peat land conversion affects the physical properties of peat soil such as parameters of porosity, permeability, fiber content and air content. The conversion of peatlands to rubber lands has an effect on the decrease in the water table, which is 68 cm long. The effect of conversion on water quality in land, fear with pH parameters ranging from 3.3 to 4.6, TSS ranging from 6-440 mg / l and DO ranging from 0.89-3.4 mg / l which are not in accordance with the specified quality standards namely Class 2 PP No. 82 Year 2001. Conversion of peatlands is increasing every year and affects the socio-economic conditions of the community with the social function of absorption of labor and the economic function of income from agricultural production. Peatlands provide advantages and capacities for local areas for natural forces such as environment, economy and social that can be done while maintaining environmental resilience.

The Dynamics of Vegetation Structure, Composition and Carbon Stock in Peatland Ecosystem of Old Secondary Forest in Riau and South Sumatra Provinces

“…Generally, because of degradation and agricultural conversion, peatland forests in Sumatra were defined as secondary forests [12,68]. The Bukit Batu and Muara Merang (Table 4) protected areas have a moderate-to-high density of stand and species numbers as these forest areas are old secondary forests in relatively good condition [54].…”

“…The research results in Bukit Batu and Muara Merang showed that there were nine dominant species with an important value index (IVI) > 10%. The stand diversity index (H') of 2.93 and 2.82 fell into the moderate category [54]. Table 1 displays the density and important value indexes for these dominant tree species.…”