Pengaruh Metode Dan Waktu Ekstraksi Terhadap Kualitas Dan Kuantitas Saponin Dalam Ekstrak Buah, Daun, Dan Tangkai Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Avverhoa Bilimbi L.) Untuk Aplikasi Detergen

Extraction Of Flavonoid, Phenolic, And Saponin In Shallot Skin (Allium Cepa Var. Aggregatum) For Antibacterial Application

“…Temperatures exceeding 40℃ can cause a decrease in antioxidant levels [21]. A similar result was obtained as in [22], [23], [21] that a longer sonication time can cause reduced secondary metabolite concentration due to decomposition. It can be seen from Fig.…”

“…Another study explained that UAE could increase particle swelling and hydration so that the cell wall pores widen and facilitate a mass transfer, thereby shortening extraction time [24]. Reference [22], [25] also obtained similar results where ultrasoundassisted extraction has better extract quality than maceration extraction. Based on the data, three extracts with the highest levels of flavonoids and phenolic were macerations seven days, 20 minutes UAE, and 30 minutes UAE.…”

Extraction of Sungkai (Peronema cannescens Jack) leaves, Antioxidant Activity Test and Its Nanoemulsion Formulation

“…The highest quality of curcuminoids is found in simplicia extract by sonication, followed by simplicia extract by maceration. Adiwibowo, et al 2020 [22] extracted the starfruit's (Avverhoa bilimbi L.) fruit, leaves, and petioles. The results showed that the sonication extraction method gave comparable results to maceration extraction but with a relatively shorter extraction time.…”