Pengaruh umur larva terhadap kualitas ratu yang dihasilkan pada penangkaran lebah ratu Apis cerana L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) dengan teknik pencangkokan

Abstract

ABSTRAKPercobaan teknik cangkok berbagai umur larva lebah madu Apis cerana L. ditujukan untuk mengetahui potensi kualitas ratu yang akan dihasilkan. Empat perlakuan larva umur 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari diaplikasikan pada uji coba pencangkokan, masing-masing sebanyak 5 mangkok ratu di setiap koloni percobaan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 5 koloni lebah madu A. cerana sebagai ulangan percobaan. Bobot pupa digunakan sebagai indikator potensi reproduktivitas ratu yang akan dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur larva berpengaruh terhadap tingkat penerimaan larva yang dicangkokan dan bobot pupa calon ratu. Tingkat penerimaan larva lebih tinggi pada larva muda dibandingkan dengan larva yang lebih tua sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh jumlah perkembangan sel ratu yang berhasil dierami. Jumlah rata-rata sel yang berkembang menjadi sel ratu dari hasil pencangkokan larva umur 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari berturut-turut sebanyak 4,4 ± 1,1 sel/ koloni, 3,4 ± 1,1 sel/koloni, 2,0 ± 1,0 sel/koloni, dan 2,4 ± 0,5 sel/koloni. Larva umur 1 dan 2 hari menghasilkan pupa dengan bobot yang lebih berat dari pada yang berasal dari larva umur 3 dan 4 hari. Larva umur 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari berturut-turut menghasilkan pupa dengan berat rata-rata 153,33 ± 4,48 mg/individu, 149,14 ± 6,29 mg/individu, 126,17 ± 7,28 mg/individu, dan 126,70 ± 7,61 mg/ individu. Tidak ada perbedaan bobot pupa antara hasil pencangkokan dengan larva umur 1 dan 2 hari dan antara larva umur 3 dan 4 hari. Dengan demikian, larva umur 1 dan 2 hari berpotensi menghasilkan lebah ratu yang lebih berkualitas dibandingkan dengan larva umur 3 dan 4 hari. Kata kunci: Apis cerana, pencangkokan, umur larva, tingkat penerimaan, bobot pupa ABSTRACTAn experimental study to find out the effect of larval ages to the quality of queens produced through queen-grafting technique has been done in Apis cerana colony. Each of four larval ages (1-4 day-old larvae) was grafted into 5 queen cups in every single colony. Five colonies were used in the study as experimental replications. Pupal weight was used as initial indicator of potential reproductivity of upcoming queen. The results showed that larval age affected both the acceptance rate of grafted larvae and queen pupal weight. The acceptance rate of young larvae was higher than old larvae as shown by their successful number of capped queen cells development. The mean number of capped queen cells developed from larvae at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 day-old were 4.4 ± 1.1 cells/colony, 3.4 ± 1.1 cells/colony, 2.0 ± 1.0 cells/colony, and 2.4 ± 0.5 cells/colony, respectively. The queens reared from 1 and 2 day-old larvae significantly had heavier pupae than those from both 3 and 4 day-old larvae. The mean pupal weight grafted from 1, 2, 3 day, and 4 day old larvae were 153.33 ± 4.48 mg/pupae, 149.14 ± 6.29 mg/pupae, 126.17 ± 7.28 mg/pupae, and 126.70 ± 7.61 mg/ pupae, respectively. There were no differences between pupal weight grafted from 1 and 2 day-old larvae and between pupal weight grafted from 3 and 4 day-old larvae. The study showed that 1 a...

Evaluation of body weight and morphometric characteristics of the young queen of Apis cerana javana at different queen cup cell sizes

“…The pupal stage is the most prolonged phase compared to the egg and larval stages. The pupal phase in bee larvae lasts 6 to 7.5 days inside the cell (Kuntadi 2013). During the pupal phase, bee larvae change body shape, and their organs develop.…”

“…Then, the characteristic of morphometric body length of the candidate queen bee A. cerana javana is known that the worker bees of A. cerana javana tend to build uniform pupae in all types of queen cell sizes (Table 1), indicating that the food received by the larvae tends to be the same, thus not resulting in differences in body length and wet weight of the candidate queen bee. Kuntadi (2013) explained that providing royal jelly depends on the shape and size of the cell where the larvae develop. As for the length and width of the head of the candidate queen bee A. cerana javana, it has a smaller average head width compared to the findings of Ibrahim et al (2019), who studied the morphometry of Apis cerana indica honey bees in Pradesh India, with an average head width of queen bees ranging from 3.49 to 3.78 mm.…”

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