“…Gunung Sewu karst areais part of the Indonesian Maritime Continent that regulates many determinants of its rain variability, for example, the Asia-Australia monsoon, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), eastwest circulations (Zonal/Walker circulation), north-south circulations (Meridional/Hadley Circulation) and some circulations that are heavily influenced by local factors (Hermawan, 2010;Aldrian, Gates, & Widodo, 2007). In Indonesia, the complex climate conditions are attributed to many factors, to which every part of the country shows varying responses (Gutman, Csiszar, & Romanov, 2000;Haylock & McBride, 2001;Boer, 2003;Athoillah, Sibarani, & Doloksaribu, 2017). Other studies have confirmed that southern Indonesia, including the Gunung Sewu Karst Area, is inclined to have higher rainfall variability than the northern side (Juaeni, 2006).…”