“…As a result, the ways the teachers teach are merely theoretical and mechanistic (Fauziyah & Jailani, 2014;Ependi, 2016), tend towards memorizing rather than understanding (Febriya et al, 2015;Fauzan & Sari, 2017;Maharani, 2017;Hayati et al, 2018), transfer information without a constructive activity (Ahdhianto, 2016;Purnama et al, 2017), and are teacher-centred (Astuti & Purwoko, 2017). The media used by teachers are also monotonous (Batubara, 2015;Yunianto et al, 2019) and teachers rely only on textbooks and worksheets (Siswoyo, 2015;Utami, 2017;Lestari et al, 2019).…”