Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent

Chain, E. B.; Florey, H. W.; Adelaide, Maria; Gardner, A. D.; Heatley, N. G.; Jennings, M. A.; Orr-Ewing, Jean; Sanders, A. G.

doi:10.1097/00003086-199310000-00002

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…This is of less concern for media used to analyse typically sterile samples such as body tissues and cerebrospinal fluid. Old media formulations did not include antibiotics, often having been not stable enough to be autoclave sterilised at 121°C and stored in solution for a practical time period, and penicillin is an example of this [ 65 , 66 ] as also are other labile antibiotics [ 67 ] in contrast to chloramphenicol, which is far more stable and hence suitable for such use [ 59 ]. Bacteria don’t cause health effects in quite the same way as moulds [ 68 – 71 ] and hence their exclusion from fungus-specific detection media is justifiable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia

Black¹

2020

PLoS ONE

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Despite the recent increase in interest in indoor air quality regarding mould, there is no universally accepted standard media for the detection of airborne fungi, nor verification of many commonly used techniques. Commonly used media including malt-extract agar (MEA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (Sab), potato dextrose agar (PDA) with and without antibiotics chloramphenicol & gentamycin (CG) were compared for their suitability in detecting a range of airborne fungi by collecting 150 L outdoor air on a number of different days and seasons via an Anderson 400-hole sampler in suburban Melbourne, Australia. There was relatively little variation in mean numbers of colony forming units (CFU) and types of fungi recovered between MEA, PDA, Sab media groups relative to variation within each group. There was a significant difference between Sab, Dichloran-18% glycerol (DG18) and V8® Original juice agar media, however. Antibiotics reliably prevented the growth of bacteria that typically interfered with the growth and appearance of fungal colonies. There was no significant evidence for a growth enhancing factor from potato, mineral supplements or various vegetable juices. Differing glucose concentrations had modest effects, showing a vague ideal at 2%-4% with peptone. Sanitisation of the aluminium Andersen 400-hole sampler top-plate by flame is possible, but not strictly required nor advisable. The use of SabCG as a standard medium was generally supported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia

Black¹

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Anti-infectives target molecular mechanisms essential for the replication of microbial pathogens during infection (Ehrlich and Bertheim, 1907), whereas antibiotics block all bacterial growth even outside of a human host (Domagk, 1935;Chain et al, 1940). Antibiotics inhibit growth of many different microbial species and offer a considerable advantage over the narrowly focused efficacy spectrum of anti-infectives -antibiotic therapy can be effective even without microbiological diagnosis of the disease causing pathogen (Chain, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsule anchoring in Bacillus anthracis occurs by a transpeptidation reaction that is inhibited by capsidin

Richter¹,

Anderson²,

Garufi³

et al. 2009

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryBacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a dangerous biological weapon, as spores derived from drug-resistant strains cause infections for which antibiotic therapy is no longer effective. We sought to develop an anti-infective therapy for anthrax and targeted CapD, an enzyme that cleaves poly-g-Dglutamate capsule and generates amide bonds with peptidoglycan cross-bridges to deposit capsular material into the envelope of B. anthracis. In agreement with the model that capsule confers protection from phagocytic clearance, B. anthracis capD variants failed to deposit capsule into the envelope and displayed defects in anthrax pathogenesis. By screening chemical libraries, we identified the CapD inhibitor capsidin, 4-[(4-bromophenyl)thio]-3-(diacetylamino)benzoic acid), which covalently modifies the active-site threonine of the transpeptidase. Capsidin treatment blocked capsular assembly by B. anthracis and enabled phagocytic killing of nonencapsulated vegetative forms.

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“…Since Florey and co-workers (23) reported in 1940 that penicillin, a microbial product, is active against pathogenic microorganisms, many investigations have focused on the screening of natural compounds with antibiotic properties (24). A great number of antibiotics, termed aminoglycosides, have been discovered from cultures of bacteria and actinomycetes such as Bacillus, Nocardia, Micromonospora, and Streptomyces.…”

Section: Aminoglycosides and Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 4. Fatty acid amide glycosides, their analogs and derivatives

Dembitsky

2005

Lipids

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FA amide glycosides are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural surfactants are good prospects for future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or for industry. More than 200 unusual and interesting natural surfactants, including their chemical structures and biological activities, are described in this review article.

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Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia

A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia

Capsule anchoring in Bacillus anthracis occurs by a transpeptidation reaction that is inhibited by capsidin

Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 4. Fatty acid amide glycosides, their analogs and derivatives

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