Penicillium Mycobiota in Arctic Subglacial Ice

Sonjak, Silva; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Gunde‐Cimerman, Nina

doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9086-0

Cited by 91 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Species of the genus Penicillium belonging to the subgenus Furcatum are efficient producers of metabolites and the extrolite patterns are effective markers for species recognition (Frisvad & Filtenborg, 1990;Tuthill et al, 2001;Sonjak et al, 2007). We found that each novel species produced unique and characteristic patterns of known and uncharacterized metabolites; an overview is given in Table 2.…”

Section: Extrolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 88%

Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov., Penicillium elleniae sp. nov., Penicillium penarojense sp. nov., Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. and Penicillium wotroi sp. nov., isolated from leaf litter

Houbraken

López-Quintero

Frisvad

et al. 2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Several species of the genus Penicillium were isolated during a survey of the mycobiota of leaf litter and soil in Colombian Amazon forest. Five species, Penicillium penarojense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 113178T = IBT 23262T), Penicillium wotroi sp. nov. (type strain CBS 118171T = IBT 23253T), Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 113149T = IBT 23247T), Penicillium elleniae sp. nov. (type strain CBS 118135T = IBT 23229T) and Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 126216T = IBT 23203T) are described here as novel species. Their taxonomic novelty was determined using a polyphasic approach, combining phenotypic, molecular (ITS and partial β-tubulin sequences) and extrolite data. Phylogenetic analyses showed that each novel species formed a unique clade for both loci analysed and that they were most closely related to Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium daleae and Penicillium brasilianum. An overview of the phylogeny of this taxonomically difficult group is presented, and 33 species are accepted. Each of the five novel species had a unique extrolite profile of known and uncharacterized metabolites and various compounds, such as penicillic acid, andrastin A, pulvilloric acid, paxillin, paspaline and janthitrem, were commonly produced by these phylogenetically related species. The novel species had a high growth rate on agar media, but could be distinguished from each other by several macro- and microscopical characteristics.

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Section: Extrolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 88%

Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov., Penicillium elleniae sp. nov., Penicillium penarojense sp. nov., Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. and Penicillium wotroi sp. nov., isolated from leaf litter

Houbraken

López-Quintero

Frisvad

et al. 2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…P. crustosum was unable to produce large lesions at the cold storage conditions tested compared to the big lesions under room storage conditions. Penicillium spores are able to tolerate extremely low temperature conditions and germinate when conditions become favourable for growth (24,27). …”

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confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Penicillium spp. on Apple and Pear

Louw

Korsten

2014

Plant Disease

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Numerous Penicillium spp. have been associated with postharvest fruit spoilage. This study investigates pathogenicity and aggressiveness of selected Penicillium spp. previously isolated from South African and European Union fruit export chains. Penicillium expansum was the most-and P.crustosum the second most aggressive on all apple cultivars (Royal Gala, Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Topred and Cripps Pink) and two pear cultivars (Packham"s Triumph and Forelle) tested.Penicillium digitatum was the most aggressive on Beurre Bosc, Beurre Hardy and Sempre (Rosemarie) pear cultivars and the third most aggressive on Granny Smith and Cripps Pink apple cultivars. To our knowledge this is the first report where P. digitatum has been described as aggressive on certain pome fruit cultivars. These cultivars are also the most commonly associated with decay on the export markets resulting in considerable end-market losses. Penicillium brevicompactum was detected pathogenic on pears, but was not further evaluated in the study.Penicillium solitum was observed more pathogenic (broader cultivar range and higher disease incidence) and aggressive (larger lesions) on pear cultivars than on apple cultivars. This study provides new information on host specificity and the importance of pathogenic Penicillium spp.isolated from various environments in the shipping and marketing channels. INTRODUCTIONThe South African pome fruit industry is economically important in terms of global trade. The industry produces over 1.1 million tons of fruit of which 46.6% are exported as fresh produce, earning close to $431.6 million in net export realization in 2012 (9). Postharvest losses have been reported as high as 50% in developing countries (5,21,26). Significant losses have been attributed to decay caused by Penicillium spp. (12,14,16,20,22,32).A report by Sanderson and Spotts (22) indicates that numerous Penicillium spp. naturally inhabit pome fruit environments (packinghouses and storage facilities) and are prominent on fruit bins. Of these species, P. expansum Link ex Gray, P. crustosum Thom, and P. solitum Westling have been described as the most important on apples (Malus domestica L. Borkh.) and pears (Pyrus communis L.) in causing decay (14,22,32). Other pathogenic species reported include P. aurantiogriseum Dierckx., P. brevicompactum Dierckx., P.commune Thom, P. griseofulvum Dierckx., P. verrucosum, Dierckx. and P. carneum Frisvad (2,12,16,18,23). However, these species have less often been associated with decay of pome fruit.Several other Penicillium spp. isolated from pome fruit environments (2,22) are best known as pathogens on other fruit crops. These include P. digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc. on citrus (8) and P. glabrum (Wehmer) Westling on pomegranates (3). Complex fruit trade networks result in a large variety of fruit from different countries being retained together in storage or holding facilities (34). In addition, citrus and pome fruit are sometimes re-packed in the same facility to remove decaying fruit. This practice can p...

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“…Such type of fungi have been found and investigated in all major cold habitats, such as Antarctica (Blanchette et al, 2010), Arctic regions (Sonjak et al, 2006) and cold deep sea environments (Damare et al, 2006). Various fungi representing different genera and species e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Psychrotrophic Fungi Isolated From Siachen Glacier, Pakistan, to Produce Antimicrobial Metabolites

Hassan¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. This is the first study of recovery and characterization of fungi from ice, sediments and water samples collected from Siachen glacier, Himalaya Range, Pakistan. The isolation and Total Viable count (CFU/ml or g) was carried out by spread plate technique at 4°C and 15°C. Seventeen fungal isolates were obtained and identified by analysis of 18S rRNA ITS region. Most frequently isolated fungal isolates were Leotiomycetes sp., followed by Thelebolus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Periconia, Geomyces, Cryptococcus and Pueraria. All isolates were found halophilic and they were able to tolerate NaCl concentration up to 10-20%. Some isolates showed viability at 45°C and most of the isolates were able to grow at pH 1-13. All isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity against clinically isolated bacterial and fungal strains but they showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) bacteria. None of the fungal isolates inhibited Gram negative clinically isolated Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia but few were able to inhibit Gram positive bacterial and fungal strains. Fungal isolates were also screened for production of extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase, deoxyribonuclease, lipase, phosphatase and protease). Various isolates were good producers of cellulase, lipase and protease whereas only 2 out of 17 produced DNase and 4 produced phosphatase. Keywords: non-polar glacier, psychrophilic fungi, enzymes, halophilic IntroductionPsychrophilic fungi grow optimally at 15°C or lower but can also grow at temperature around 20°C or below, while psychrotrophic fungi grow well at temperature above 20°C (Maheswari, 2005;Robinson, 2001). Such type of fungi have been found and investigated in all major cold habitats, such as Antarctica (Blanchette et al., 2010), Arctic regions (Sonjak et al., 2006) and cold deep sea environments (Damare et al., 2006). Various fungi representing different genera and species e.g. Thelebolus microspores, Lemonniera, Tetracladium, have been isolated from different regions of Himalaya, India (Sati et al., 2014;Anupama et al., 2011).The fungi in cold environments are facing numerous extreme limiting factors, including frequent freeze-thaw cycles, high salt concentration, low moisture content, extreme UV radiation and low nutrient availability (Robinson, 2001, McKenzie et al., 2003. To face such harsh conditions, fungi adapt themselves through various physiological and ecological mechanisms (Anupama et al., 2011). Although, several cold adaptive mechanisms of psychrophilic fungi have been described but it is assumed that a mixture of such mechanisms are employed by psychrophiles including production (Robinson, 2001;Ruisi et al., 2007). Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic fungi are capable of providing a large number of biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. Psychrophilic fungi are capable of synthesizing secondary metabolites that are very unique to cold ecosystems (Rosa et al., 2008). Psychrophilic fungi are producers of cold shock and cold-acclimati...

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Penicillium Mycobiota in Arctic Subglacial Ice

Cited by 91 publications

References 34 publications

Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov., Penicillium elleniae sp. nov., Penicillium penarojense sp. nov., Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. and Penicillium wotroi sp. nov., isolated from leaf litter

Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov., Penicillium elleniae sp. nov., Penicillium penarojense sp. nov., Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. and Penicillium wotroi sp. nov., isolated from leaf litter

Pathogenic Penicillium spp. on Apple and Pear

Potential of Psychrotrophic Fungi Isolated From Siachen Glacier, Pakistan, to Produce Antimicrobial Metabolites

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