Penilaian pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di Teluk Jakarta

Abstract

Contamination and pollution of heavy metals in the bottom sediment can pose serious issues to marine organisms and human health. Jakarta Bay which is located adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia is notorious for its pollution problems. The purpose of this research was to assest the contamination levels of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in sea-bottom sediments based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index). Sediment samples were collected from 31 stations in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that an average mercury (Hg) concentration ranged from 0.150 to 0.530 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.362 µg.g-1, Lead (Pb) from 14.870 to 35.650 µg.g-1 with an total average of 21.774 µg.g-1, Cadmium (Cd) 0.110-0.280 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.190 µg.g-1.The average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd is still lower than the sediment quality threshold values set by the Office of the State Minister of Environment of Indonesia 2010. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) are Hg 0.685, Pb 0.558, and Cd 0.380 respectively (low contamination) and geo accumulation index values are Hg 0.237, Pb -1.655, and Cd 0.069 respectively (unpolluted to moderate polluted). Overall, based on the pollution load index value is -0,511 (PLI 1), sediments in these waters are categorized as not yet polluted by Hg, Pb and Cd. This situation is so necessary to be maintained, that in order for the preservation of marine resources will remain.Keywords: Jakarta Bay, sediment, pollution, heavy metals, assessmentABSTRAKKontaminasi dan pencemaran logam berat pada sedimen dasar dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius bagi biota laut dan kesehatan manusia. Teluk Jakarta yang terletak berdekatan dengan ibu kota Indonesia terkenal karena masalah pencemarannya yang parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd dalam sedimen dasar laut berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks. Contoh sedimen diambil dari 31 stasiun penelitian di Teluk Jakarta. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan alat Spektrofometer Penyerapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Hg rerata berkisar 0,150-0,530 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,362 µg. g-1, Timbal (Pb) 14,870-35,650 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 21,774 µg. g-1, Kadmium (Cd) 0,110-0,280 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,190 µg.g-1. Kadar rerata Hg, Pb dan Cd masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas kualitas sedimen yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2010. Hasil analisis indeks menunjukkan nilai rerata faktor kontaminasi (CF) berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,685, Pb 0,352 dan Cd 0,380 (kontaminasi rendah) dan nilai indeks geo akumulasi berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,227, Pb 1,098 dan Cd 0,633 (tidak tercemar sampai tercemar sedang). Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran yakni -3.772 (PLI 1), sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori belum tercemar oleh Hg, Pb dan Cd. Keadaan ini perlu dipertahankan, agar kelestarian sumberdaya laut tetap terjaga.Kata kunci: Teluk Jakarta, sedimen, pencemaran, logam berat, penilaian

Cadmium pollution in waters and commercial Shellfish in Jakarta Bay

“…Table 2 shows that the Cd content in sediments in the West and East Monsoons is still below the threshold value for aquatic biota set by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Office in 2010 (6.2mg/Kg) and the Wahington Department of Ecology in 2013 (6.7mg/Kg). This is in accordance with the results of research by Edwar (2020), Budiyanto and Lestari (2017) and Barokah et al (2013), which revealed that the average Cd content in Jakarta Bay sediments was still below the threshold determined by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment in 2010. Here there is a contradiction between the Cd content in sediments and in seawater where the content in these sediments is still below the quality standards set by the Decree of the Minister of Environment while in seawater it has exceeded the specified threshold.…”

Distribution of heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Hg) concentrations in sediment of Bone River, Gorontalo

“…The measurement results are presented in Table 2. (Edward, 2020) Based on the data presented in Table 2, it can be seen that the highest Pb concentration was at St4, then St7, St2, St8, and St6 (concentration >30 ppm), while the lowest was at St3. The highest Cd concentration was found at St7, followed by St6, St1, and St3 (concentration >0.01 ppm), and the lowest concentration was at St5.…”

“…The concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Hg measured at each observation station varied. This difference is thought to be influenced by differences in the characteristics of both physical and chemical properties of the waters of each observation station (Dewi et al, 2014;Edward, 2020;Takarina, 2014;Yang et al, 2020). The measurement results are presented in Table 2.…”

Metallothionein level in the larva of Cheumatopsyche sp. and the relationship between heavy metal concentration in Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia

“…On the other hand, although Hg accumulates in the larval body, the concentration value still does not exceed the set figure. The measured concentration values, both in sediments and in larvae, indicate fluctuations due to differences in the characteristics of the waters of each observation station, both physical and chemical properties (Edward 2020;Yang et al 2020), as well as the ability of Cheumatopsyche sp. in accumulating every kind of metal (Tszydel et al 2016).…”