2002
DOI: 10.1159/000065541
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Penile Arteries and Erection

Abstract: Alterations in the flow of blood to and from the penis are thought to be the most frequent causes of male erectile dysfunction and, therefore, the present review focuses on the penile vasculature. In the flaccid state, tonic noradrenaline release from the sympathetic nerves contracts penile arterial and corporal smooth muscle through activation of postjunctional α1-adrenoceptors, both by increasing intracellular calcium and by enhancing the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus for calcium. In ad… Show more

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Cited by 101 publications
(94 citation statements)
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References 170 publications
(296 reference statements)
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“…9,10,19,20 The a1-adrenergic sympathetic innervations and NO-cyclic guanosin monophosphate pathway have been reported to be involved in the control of SV motor activity by intracellular regulation of the smooth muscle. 3,9,[21][22][23] Also, the frequency-dependent contractions of SV, elicited by the EFS, have been reproduced in a few experiments, which occur through neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate. 10,[24][25][26] The results of this study showed that the proportion of tissues responding to the drugs and EFS was greater for the rings than the strips.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…9,10,19,20 The a1-adrenergic sympathetic innervations and NO-cyclic guanosin monophosphate pathway have been reported to be involved in the control of SV motor activity by intracellular regulation of the smooth muscle. 3,9,[21][22][23] Also, the frequency-dependent contractions of SV, elicited by the EFS, have been reproduced in a few experiments, which occur through neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate. 10,[24][25][26] The results of this study showed that the proportion of tissues responding to the drugs and EFS was greater for the rings than the strips.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…DM, diabetes mellitus group; NDM, control group. npg smooth muscle relaxation of the corpus cavernosum and penile small arteries, and it is thought to have a key role in erectile physiology and ED [14][15][16]. Under physiological conditions, the endothelium exerts regulatory effects on vasodilatation, as it releases numerous vasoactive substances, such as NO, bradykinin, prostaglandin I2, substance P and so on.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These results suggest that Rho kinase, besides its contribution to the Ca 2ϩ sensitization of the contractile proteins, is also involved in the regulation of Ca 2ϩ entry through a nonselective cation channel activated by ␣1-adenoceptor stimulation in rat penile arteries. penile arteries; calcium entry; nonselective cation channels; calcium sensitization PENILE ERECTION OCCURS when nitric oxide (NO) released from nerves and endothelium upon sexual stimulation relaxes smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum (CC) and penile arteries, leading to blood filling of the sinuses and restriction of venous outflow (2,25). During the flaccid state, erectile tissue is contracted by the release of neural and local factors, such as norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y, endothelin-1, and prostanoids that increase smooth muscle cytosolic Ca 2ϩ ([Ca 2ϩ ] i ) and/or Ca 2ϩ sensitization through activation G protein-coupled receptors (2,20,25).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%