Pennation angles of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

Ledoux, William R.; Hirsch, Bruce Elliot; Church, Timothy; Caunin, Myla

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00194-9

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Numerous studies have examined how the PA affects normal muscle anatomy, architecture, and physiological function (Muhl, 1982;Gans and de Vree, 1987;Lieber and Blevins, 1989;Gans and Gaunt, 1992;Scott et al, 1993;Van Eijden et al, 1997;Ledoux et al, 2001;Maganaris et al, 2001). Previous PA studies have focused only on the PA of the muscle fibers located at the muscle belly surface (Muhl, 1982;Sacks and Roy, 1982;Lieber and Blevins, 1989;Scott et al, 1993;Van Eijden et al, 1997;Ledoux et al, 2001;Maganaris et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous PA studies have focused only on the PA of the muscle fibers located at the muscle belly surface (Muhl, 1982;Sacks and Roy, 1982;Lieber and Blevins, 1989;Scott et al, 1993;Van Eijden et al, 1997;Ledoux et al, 2001;Maganaris et al, 2001). The orientation of these fibers; however, does not represent the orientation of the majority of muscle fibers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods were described for in vitro PA measurement, including the direct application of a protractor (Sacks and Roy, 1982) or a goniometer (Lieber and Blevins, 1989) to the muscle surface, manual tracing of the surface PA on lead acetate paper (Van Eijden et al, 1997) or a photograph (Muhl, 1982), and the use of digital photography and image analysis software (Ledoux et al, 2001). In vivo measurement of PA during muscle contraction was carried out using ultrasonography (Maganaris et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both FL and the cosine of PA are components of the standard formula used to calculate the muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) (Sacks and Roy, 1982;Lieber, 2002), which is the only muscle architectural parameter that is directly proportional to the maximum tetanic tension of the muscle, hence to its ability of force production (Lieber, 2002). Although numerous studies evaluated how the PA affects normal muscle anatomy and physiological function (Muhl, 1982;Gans and de Vree, 1987;Lieber and Blevins, 1989;Gans and Gaunt, 1992;Scott et al, 1993;Van Eijden et al, 1997;Ledoux et al, 2001;Maganaris et al, 2001), little is known about the effect of gradual distraction on muscle fiber PA and PCSA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in pennate muscle architecture after gradual tibial lengthening in goats

Elsalanty

Makarov

Cherkashin

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the changes in unipennate muscle architecture after distraction osteogenesis. Nine adult goats underwent 20% tibial lengthening in one of the hind limbs. Immediately after distraction, lengthened and contralateral (untreated) tibialis caudalis (TC) muscles were harvested. Lengths of the muscle belly, muscle fiber (FL), sarcomere (SL), tendon (TL), and superficial aponeurosis, as well as muscle mass, pennation angle (PA), and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), were compared between the treated and contralateral sides. Lengthened TC muscle demonstrated 20.8% increase in belly length, 4.39% increase in TL, and 36.7% increase in FL, while PA decreased by 37.2% (P ¼ 008). Muscle length increase was mainly due to lengthening of muscle belly, which resulted both from FL increase and 15.3% length increase in the aponeurosis component of muscle belly, without significant effect of the PA decrease. The FL increase was due to SL increase, not to sarcomere neogenesis, while mass and PCSA did not change. We concluded that although muscle architecture can be adversely affected by distraction because of deficient sarcomere neogenesis, PCSA can remain unchanged, giving false impression of preserved function. Change in PA plays only minimal role in muscle adaptation to distraction. Anat Rec, 290:461-467, 2007Rec, 290:461-467, . 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in pennate muscle architecture after gradual tibial lengthening in goats

Elsalanty

Makarov

Cherkashin

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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“…With the exception of the intrinsic muscles of the foot (described previously [15]), this is a near-complete list of lower extremity muscles. Whole specimens were disarticulated, leaving one lower extremity intact from T12 to the toes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Current Measurements of Lower Extremity Muscle Architecture Accurate?

Ward¹,

Eng²,

Smallwood³

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

586

657

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Skeletal muscle architecture is defined as the arrangement of fibers in a muscle and functionally defines performance capacity. Architectural values are used to model muscle-joint behavior and to make surgical decisions. The two most extensively used human lower extremity data sets consist of five total specimens of unknown size, gender, and age. Therefore, it is critically important to generate a high-fidelity human lower extremity muscle architecture data set. We disassembled 27 muscles from 21 human lower extremities to characterize muscle fiber length and physiologic cross-sectional area, which define the excursion and force-generating capacities of a muscle. Based on their architectural features, the soleus, gluteus medius, and vastus lateralis are the strongest muscles, whereas the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus have the largest excursion. The plantarflexors, knee extensors, and hip adductors are the strongest muscle groups acting at each joint, whereas the hip adductors and hip extensors have the largest excursion. Contrary to previous assertions, two-joint muscles do not necessarily have longer fibers than single-joint muscles as seen by the similarity of knee flexor and extensor fiber lengths. These high-resolution data will facilitate the development of more accurate musculoskeletal models and challenge existing theories of muscle design; we believe they will aid in surgical decision making.

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Reevaluating digital vs. conventional photographic cameras for research

Hirsch

2001

Anat. Rec.

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Pennation angles of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in pennate muscle architecture after gradual tibial lengthening in goats

Changes in pennate muscle architecture after gradual tibial lengthening in goats

Are Current Measurements of Lower Extremity Muscle Architecture Accurate?

Reevaluating digital vs. conventional photographic cameras for research

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