Penoposthitis associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (I.B.R.-I.P.V.) virus in a stud of bulls

Bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen of bulls and the risk of transmission: A brief review

“…Outbreaks of I PB, often with minimal disease signs, have since been described in artificial insemination centres (7,8,13,24,27,44,57). BHV1 has also been isolated from apparently clinically healthy bulls (33,44,45,50,62).…”

“…In uncomplicated cases recovery starts within 10 to 14 days (45). A decrease in semen quality, characterized by a reduced motility and morphological abnormalities of the sperm cells, has been associated with IPB (8,15,24,33,39). It seems to be a consequence of the general illness rather than of virus replication in the testis (8,24).…”

“…A decrease in semen quality, characterized by a reduced motility and morphological abnormalities of the sperm cells, has been associated with IPB (8,15,24,33,39). It seems to be a consequence of the general illness rather than of virus replication in the testis (8,24). Others found no effect of BHV1 contamination on semen quality (13,24,27,41,63).…”

“…It seems to be a consequence of the general illness rather than of virus replication in the testis (8,24). Others found no effect of BHV1 contamination on semen quality (13,24,27,41,63).…”

“…After primary intrapreputial infection, bulls can start shedding BHV1 from the prepuce between 2 and 7 days after infection; this first period of shedding can last several weeks (24,28,51,58). The pattern can vary considerably per individual bull: some bulls shed virus for several days (15,24,62) or weeks (6,28,58), whereas in other bulls virus shedding is hardly or not detected at all (28).…”