Pentachlorophenol affected both reproductive and interrenal systems: In silico and in vivo evidence

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tThe effects of PCP on steroid system were studied by in silico and in vivo assays.In silico results indicated interacting potency with steroid receptors by PCP. PCP caused adverse effects on reproductive and interrenal system in rare minnow. The HPG/I axis of rare minnow showed different response at 14th and 28th day.a r t i c l e i n f o The present study investigated the effects on reproductive and interrenal system by pentachlorophenol (PCP) using in silico and in vivo assays. Molecular docking results indicated interacting potency of PCP with steroid receptors (ERa, ERb, AR, GR) but not Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). In the in vivo assay, sexually matured rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of PCP (0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg L À1 ). In male fish, 14-d exposure caused up-regulation of mRNA levels of hepatic era, erb, ar, gr, vtg and gonadal era, vtg, ar, dmrt1, providing evidence for agonistic activities for steroid receptors by PCP. The up-regulated mRNA of gnrh, crf, pomc in the brain also indicated feedforward responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/interrenal (HPG/I) axis. However, at 28th d the feed-forward response of the HPG axis seemed eased back and the HPI axis showed negative feedback responses. Corresponding changes including increases of plasma steroid hormones, inhibition of spermatogenesis, and decreased RSI were observed in male fish upon 28-d exposure to PCP. In the females, a transition from feed-forward responses to negative feedbacks of the HPG/I axis was also indicated by the transcriptional profiles at 14th and 28th day. Corresponding changes including increased E2, T and decreased C levels, degenerated ovaries, and decreased GSI and RSI were also observed. Overall, we concluded that PCP could interfere with steroid receptors, evoke responses of HPG/I axis, and finally result in adverse effects on reproductive and interrenal system in rare minnow at environmental relevant concentrations.

Exposure to Boscalid Induces Reproductive Toxicity of Zebrafish by Gender-Specific Alterations in Steroidogenesis

“…75 Similarly, transcriptional changes of cyp11a, hsd17b, and hsd3b were found in vertebrates exposed to other chemicals, accompanied by alterations in sex hormones. 75,76 The aromatase enzyme cytochrome P450 family 19 (CYP19) encoded by two isoforms catalyzes the final step of estrogen biosynthesis in fish (Figure 6). Two CYP19 isoforms, cyp19a and cyp19b, are mainly expressed in the ovary and brain, respectively, and regulate the gender differentiation and the reproductive behavior and cycle of most teleost fish through the production of E2.…”

“…In our study, the upregulation in cyp11a and hsd3b expression in male fish following boscalid treatment may have helped stimulate the synthesis of E2, but the downregulation of hsd17b expression in female zebrafish may have contributed to diminished E2 synthesis. Due to the decline of E2 concentrations in females, we speculated that the increased expression of cyp11a and hsd3b might be a negative feedback response within the HPGL axis . Similarly, transcriptional changes of cyp11a , hsd17b , and hsd3b were found in vertebrates exposed to other chemicals, accompanied by alterations in sex hormones. , …”

“…Due to the decline of E2 concentrations in females, we speculated that the increased expression of cyp11a and hsd3b might be a negative feedback response within the HPGL axis . Similarly, transcriptional changes of cyp11a , hsd17b , and hsd3b were found in vertebrates exposed to other chemicals, accompanied by alterations in sex hormones. , …”

Antagonism of Metal Pyridinethiones and Their Degradation Products toward Estrogen Receptor α: A Combination of In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approaches

“…The study of the knockout of ER genes in zebrafish revealed that ERα is crucial for fertility. − Accordingly, the ERα-mediated pathway is a classical pathway and the most important pathway for EDCs to exert endocrine-disrupting effects. − In the study presented here, we aimed to determine the interactions of MePTs and their degradation products with ERα, using a combination of in vitro , in vivo , and in silico approaches. This study provides a direct target for reproductive endocrine disruption of MePTs and their degradation products.…”

Pentachlorophenol, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans in surface soil surrounding pentachlorophenol-treated utility poles on the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska USA

“…At lower concentrations more typically found in the environment, pentachlorophenol may have adverse effects on the reproductive and inter-renal systems of exposed fish. Fish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of pentachlorophenol for 28 days showed changes in steroid hormone levels in plasma, inhibition of spermatogenesis in male fish, and degeneration of ovaries in female fish (Yang et al 2017 ). Species sensitivity distributions provide helpful information about the relative toxicity of pentachlorophenol to various aquatic species (Jin et al 2012 ).…”