Pentamidine Isethionate in the Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

Western, Karl A.; Perera, David; Schultz, Myron G.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-695

Cited by 169 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, six of the pentamidine-treated animals died with P. carinii pneumonitis after receiving at least 10 days of treatment. Earlier administration or higher dosage of pentamidine might have improved the survival rates; however, the dosage used was the same as that shown to be effective in the treatment of P. carinii infection in humans (19) and rats (4) and in patients with trypanosomiasis. The extensive necrosis at injection sites encountered in our study, as well as others (4,8), precludes the administration of pentamidine over prolonged periods of time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole in the Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis

Hughes

McNabb

Μακρής

et al. 1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

207

105

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A combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was effective in the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in cortisonetreated rats. Although all of 15 untreated rats died with P. carinii pneumonitis, none of 15 given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylactically acquired the infection. After P. carinii pneumonitis was established, 9 of 14 rats recovered after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with only 2 of 14 treated with pentamidine isethionate. Rifampin and clindamycin, separately or in combination with pentamidine, were ineffective in the prevention and treatment of P. carinii infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…carinii pneumonitis expressed in the immunosuppressed host results in a mortality rate of approximately 100% it untreated (19). Pentamidine isethionate is presently considered to be the drug of choice for the treatment of this infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole in the Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis

Hughes

McNabb

Μακρής

et al. 1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

207

105

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“…[12], in blood samples obtained at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 29-34 days after pen-tamidine administration, showed that only three patients (2, 3 and 10) had uniformly detectable concentrations. The plasma phenobarbitone concentrations varied between 20 and 86 gmol l-1, except in patient 10 whose levels were in the range [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] ,umol 1-1 (the therapeutic range for treatment of convulsive disorders is 40-135 gmol l-l). A majority of the subjects were also given a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone (Diprostene®, ScheringPlough, Levallois-Perret, France).…”

Section: Concomitant Medicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions after a single dose of pentamidine in patients with Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness.

Bronner

Gustafsson

Doua

et al. 1995

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 Plasma concentrations of pentamidine were measured up to 1-8 months after a single 2 h i.v. infusion of 3.0 to 4.8 mg kg-1 pentamidine isethionate in 11 patients with late stage Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness. 2 Maximum plasma drug concentrations varied between 713 and 2461 nmol 1-1.After termination of infusion, a rapid distribution phase over 10 min was followed by a slower distribution phase and an elimination phase prolonged over weeks to months. 3 The 'terminal'"elimination rate constant could be determined in six patients and subsequent kinetic calculations showed a three to fourfold variation in plasma clearance and 'terminal' half-life (median 1126 (range 553-2036) ml min-1 and 265 (107-446) h, respectively). The median apparent volume of distribution (Vss) was 11 850 1. Renal clearance accounted for a median of 11% of total plasma clearance, indicating that metabolism is a major route of pentamidine elimination in man. 4 Side effects were few and mild and a slight or moderate decrease in blood pressure was the most common registered adverse reaction observed in four subjects. 5 The prolonged elimination of pentamidine seems inconsistent with the present recommended dosage regimen of pentamidine for treatment of trypanosomiasis of 7 to 10 parenteral doses given once daily or every second day.

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“…Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for most systemic mycoses even though it commonly causes renal injury (1,4,5). Pentamidine isethionate is often used to treat P. carinji pneumonia, with its major toxic side effect being renal insufficiency (2,(6)(7)(8)(9). Although one would expect that com- (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute, rapidly progressive renal failure with simultaneous use of amphotericin B and pentamidine

Antoniskis

Larsen

1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Pentamidine Isethionate in the Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

Cited by 169 publications

References 17 publications

Efficacy of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole in the Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis

Efficacy of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole in the Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonitis

Pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions after a single dose of pentamidine in patients with Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness.

Acute, rapidly progressive renal failure with simultaneous use of amphotericin B and pentamidine

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