Pentanols

Lappe, Peter; Hofmann, Thomas

doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_049

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Highly flammable and harmful risks are related to all four different solvents tested ( − ). n -Hexane has the advantage of being accepted as a food-grade extraction medium by the international Food and Nutrition Board, supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the low BP of nH at 68.7 °C () has the disadvantage of pronounced flammable risk and easy release of harmful volatiles at industrial facilities maintained at typical temperatures of 20−25 °C. Cyclohexane has better acceptance in the industry than n -hexane, reflected by a doubling of the maximum exposure limit of cH compared to nH ( − ). Further details about the exposure limits are found under Safety.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Binary Solvent Mixtures for Efficient Monoacylglycerol Production by Continuous Enzymatic Glycerolysis

Damstrup

Abildskov

Kiil

et al. 2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This study was aimed at evaluating different binary solvent mixtures for efficient industrial monoacylglycerol (MAG) production by enzymatic glycerolysis. Of all investigated cases, the binary mixture of tert-butanol:tert-pentanol (TB:TP) 80:20 vol % was the most suitable organic medium for continuous enzymatic glycerolysis, ensuring high MAG formation in a short time, reasonable solvent price, and easy handling during distillation/condensation processing. A minimum solvent dosage of 44-54 wt % of the reaction mixture was necessary to achieve high MAG yields of 47-56 wt %, within 20 min. The melting and boiling points of the TB:TP mixture were estimated to be 7 and 85 degrees C, respectively, using thermodynamic models. These predictions were in good agreement with experimentally determined values. In spite of the high reaction efficiency in the binary TB:TP system, the mixture of glycerol and sunflower oil (containing 97.1% triacylglycerol) yielded surprisingly a liquid/liquid phase split behavior even at high temperatures (>80 degrees C). This in contrast to thermodynamic model calculations suggested full miscibility in all proportions. These findings suggest that enhanced reaction efficiency in organic solvent also depends upon aspects other than the system homogeneity such as reduced viscosity, reduced mass transfer limitations, and the accessibility of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Binary Solvent Mixtures for Efficient Monoacylglycerol Production by Continuous Enzymatic Glycerolysis

Damstrup

Abildskov

Kiil

et al. 2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…A product used in the mining industry, amyl xanthate, is another useful pentanol ester. Amyl xanthate can come from any of the primary pentanol isomers, e.g., 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol (The Dow Chemical Company 2002c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ). Pentanol isomers are often used as solvents for chemical reaction, liquid extraction, and products such as paint and coatings (The Dow Chemical Company 2002a , b , c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ).…”

Section: Applications Of Pentanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amyl xanthate can come from any of the primary pentanol isomers, e.g., 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol (The Dow Chemical Company 2002c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ). Pentanol isomers are often used as solvents for chemical reaction, liquid extraction, and products such as paint and coatings (The Dow Chemical Company 2002a , b , c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ). They are especially useful as chemical intermediates or starting materials for a wide variety of products, including pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, cosmetics, herbicides, liquid crystals, dyes, flavorings, and catalysts (Gershanovskii et al 1973 ; The Dow Chemical Company 2002a , b , c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ).…”

Section: Applications Of Pentanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pentanol isomers are often used as solvents for chemical reaction, liquid extraction, and products such as paint and coatings (The Dow Chemical Company 2002a , b , c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ). They are especially useful as chemical intermediates or starting materials for a wide variety of products, including pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, cosmetics, herbicides, liquid crystals, dyes, flavorings, and catalysts (Gershanovskii et al 1973 ; The Dow Chemical Company 2002a , b , c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ). Other applications for pentanols are additives for lubrication oil, corrosion inhibitors, and plasticizers and stabilizers for polymer plastics (The Dow Chemical Company 2002b , c ; Lappe and Hofmann 2005 ).…”

Section: Applications Of Pentanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pentanol isomer synthesis in engineered microorganisms

Cann

Liao

2009

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

128

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Pentanol isomers such as 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are a useful class of chemicals with a potential application as biofuels. They are found as natural by-products of microbial fermentations from amino acid substrates. However, the production titer and yield of the natural processes are too low to be considered for practical applications. Through metabolic engineering, microbial strains for the production of these isomers have been developed, as well as that for 1-pentanol and pentenol. Although the current production levels are still too low for immediate industrial applications, the approach holds significant promise for major breakthroughs in production efficiency.

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