Penyusunan Tolok Ukur Pengelolaan Perikanan Berkelanjutan Untuk Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Adat Kedonganan Provinsi Bali

Abstract

Kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan sumber daya harus diartikan sebagai praktik yang mampu menjaga keberlanjutan sumber daya tersebut. Sementara itu, dalam pengelolaan berkelanjutan terdapat sejumlah ukuran sehingga keberadaan tolok ukur tentang praktik pengelolaan yang arif menjadi sangat relevan. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada Juni – Juli 2019 ini bertujuan menyusun tolok ukur tingkat kearifan masyarakat dalam mengelola sumber daya ikan. Studi kasus dilakukan pada sebuah praktik pengelolaan yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah sebagai kerifan lokal, yaitu di Desa Adat Kedonganan, Bali. Penyusunan tolok ukur dalam penelitian ini dimulai dengan studi pustaka, yang hasilnya kemudian diuji melalui pendekatan observasi lapang dan wawancara mendalam terhadap narasumber yang dipilih secara purposif. Narasumber tersebut adalah lima orang perangkat prajuru adat dan lima orang perwakilan kelompok nelayan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah satu instrumen tolok ukur yang memiliki dua bagian yaitu: (a) aspek dasar pemikiran (factual knowledge) dan (b) aspek praktik pengelolaan (procedural knowledge). Masing-masing bagian memiliki lima kriteria yaitu: (i) ekosistem dan sumber daya, (ii) perencanaan dan tata kelola, (iii) kelembagaan, (iV) alat tangkap dan teknologi, dan (v) sosial dan ekonomi, di mana setiap kriteria tersebut memiliki indikator dan parameter penilaian tertentu. Hasil uji lapang mengungkap adanya perbedaan tingkat kearifan di antara prajuru adat dengan nelayan. Pada aspek factual knowledge, tingkat kearifan nelayan teridentifikasi kuat pada kriteria ‘sosial dan ekonomi’, moderat pada ‘alat tangkap dan teknologi’, dan lemah pada tiga kriteria lainnya. Sementara itu, prajuru desa hanya lemah pada kriteria ‘sumber daya dan ekosistem’. Pada aspek procedural knowledge, tidak teridentifikasi perbedaan kearifan; baik prajuru desa maupun nelayan, keduanya cenderung lemah pada kriteria ‘ekosistem dan sumber daya’ dan ‘perencanaan, dan kelembagaan’, moderat pada kriteria “alat tangkap’ dan tinggi pada kriteria “sosial ekonomi’. Tittle: The Development of Sustainable Fisheries Management Benchmarker for Local Wisdom in Kedonganan Tradisional Village, Bali Local wisdom in resource management must be interpreted as a practice that is able to maintain the sustainability of these resources. Meanwhile, in sustainable management there are a number of measures, which is why the existence of benchmarks on wise management practices is exceptionally relevant. The research, which was conducted in June – July 2019, aimed to compile a benchmark for the level of community wisdom in managing fish resources. The case study was carried out on a fisheries management practice in the Kedonganan Traditional Village of Bali, that has been determined by the government as local wisdom. The study began with a literature study, the results of which were then tested through a field observation approach and in-depth interviews with purposively selected sources. These resource persons are five persons of prajuru adat leaders and five representatives from five fishing groups. The results of this study are a benchmark instrument that has two parts: (a) aspects of the rationale (factual knowledge) and (b) aspects of management practices (procedural knowledge). Each part has five criteria, namely: (i) ecosystem and resources, (ii) planning and governance, (iii) institutional, (iV) fishing gear and technology, and (v) social and economic, where each criterion has certain indicators and assessment parameters. Results from the field test revealed that there were differences in the level of wisdom between leaders in prajuru adat and the fishers. On factual knowledge aspect, the level of fisherman’s wisdom was identified as strong on the ‘social and economic’ criteria, moderate on ‘fishing gear and technology’, and weak on the other three criteria. Meanwhile, leaders in prajuru adat is only weak on the criteria of ‘resources and ecosystems’. On procedural knowledge aspect, no differences in wisdom level were identified; both prajuru adat and fishers tend to be weak on the criteria of ‘ecosystems and resources’ and ‘planning, and institutions’, moderate on the criteria of “fishing gear” and high on the criteria of “socio-economic.

Development of Sustainable Coastal Benchmarks for Local Wisdom in Pangandaran Village Communities

“…Furthermore, carrying capacity can be defined as the ability of the environment to support the survival of living things and the balance between nature and humans. The stages of planning, utilization, control, maintenance, supervision, and law enforcement are included in efforts to preserve the environment [1][2][3].…”

“…In short, we must pay attention to the noble values that apply to people's lives as we strive to protect and manage the environment. Furthermore, according to a review of various types of literature, local wisdom comprises the values, norms, laws, and knowledge formed through religious teachings, beliefs, traditional values, and inherited experiences [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Several government programs are aimed at villages or community groups to cultivate so-called local wisdom [4]. Similarly, several authors described the practice of using coastal resources by traditional communities/customary law as local wisdom [3][4][5][6][7]. However, it turns out that no measurable standard can be used to assess whether the utilization practice meets the understanding of wisdom outlined in the Great Indonesian Dictionary.…”