“…Notably, the Ni/CP-1.35 electrode, characterized by the lowest Ni loading and the absence of crystalline Ni oxides, closely resemble the XRD patterns of pristine CP. For Ni/CP-1.55, Ni/CP-1.75, and Ni/CP-1.95 electrodes with higher Ni loading, new peaks emerge at 27.6, 32.0, and 51.9°, which correspond to (101), (002), and (112) reflexes of Ni 2 O 3 , indicating the formation of Ni 2 O 3 …”