People, ideas and stories of soils research: a brief overview

Monitoring and Mathematical Modeling of Soil and Groundwater Contamination by Harmful Emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from Motor Vehicles

“…At the same time, the concentration of contamination in a waterbody significantly exceeds the soil contamination concentration. This result is qualitatively consistent with the results of the physics of gas diffusion in water and soil [34,35,37].…”

“…This concentration can significantly increase during prolonged downpours when acidic solutions drain from the surrounding soil areas into waterbodies. The obtained research results are fully consistent with the practical and theoretical results on the diffusion of gases into soils and water resources obtained by other authors [34,35,37]. It means that the proposed approach can be used instead of the existing very expensive approach to analysis of soil, groundwater and waterbodies contamination in a laboratory.…”

“…The main mechanism of mass transfer of gases in the soil and gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere is diffusion-the movement of gases under the action of a concentration gradient. Convective (under the action of temperature gradients), gravitational (under the action of gravity) mechanisms and also, mechanism under the action of atmospheric pressure differences are of auxiliary nature [34].…”

“…To determine it, it is necessary to take such factors into account: soil type, atmospheric conditions, such as daily and seasonal changes of air temperature and atmospheric pressure, temperature gradients at the air-soil surface boundary, atmospheric air turbulence, precipitation and nature of their distribution, intensity and volume of water evaporation [35]. Based on the theoretical background [34,35], it can be stated that all these parameters will only affect the diffusion coefficient distribution. The basic diffusion model in this case remains unchanged.…”