Pepper — chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation

Activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by Black Pepper Components

“…Various piperine analogs have also been identified in pepper. 7,8) Since it has been reported that CAP analogs activated TRPV1 as well as CAP, 9,10) it is also possible that piperine analogs could activate TRPV1.…”

Determination of piperine in pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L)

“…In fact the literature reports the piperine content of the Panniyur variety to be in order of 3-5%. 6 It is foreseen that the replacement of the indigenous variety with the new cultivars although resulting in a significant increase in pepper yield will also result in a decline in oleoresin and piperine yield.…”

“…Sri Lanka pepper has had a reputation for containing high levels of volatile and pungent principles. 6 However, market prices are at present not always dictated by these quality factors. It is clear that proving the presence of these qualities in our pepper is a step in the direction of establishing premium prices for the product.…”

“…6 The earliest method for determination of piperine in pepper was the Kjeldhal method20 (for N) which obviously resulted in exaggerated values. An early* method established was the spectroscopic method3 (termed "direct uv method" hereafter) by which quantitation was achieved by measuring optical density at 345 nm.…”

Chemical Structure, Quality Indices and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Constituents

“…A high total monoterpenes content results in a strong "peppery" top-note and a predominantly pinene content of the terpene fraction gives a turpentine-like note, while a high caryophyllene content results in a sweet, flowery note, which is more desirable in the flavor industry [62]. In addition to the ratio of monoterpenes to sesquiterpenes, the oxygenated compounds are supposed to provide the heart of the aroma of pepper oil [63]. The pepper oil extracted with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide was found to have a higher content of caryophyllene and oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds.…”