Pepper pathogenesis‐related protein 4c is a plasma membrane‐localized cysteine protease inhibitor that is required for plant cell death and defense signaling

Kim, Nak Hyun; Hwang, Byung Kook

doi:10.1111/tpj.12709

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…RNase activity of PR-4 proteins may also be involved in the induction of PCD. For instance, the pepper PR-4c protein is a plasma membrane-localized polypeptide with ribonuclease and proteinase-inhibitor activity that is required for plant cell death and defense signaling [10]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S-like RNases are considered phosphate-remobilizing enzymes; they digest RNA molecules released from plant cells during senescence or after wounding [5] and some serve as antifungal proteins [6, 7]. Different PR-4 proteins may have several functions (e.g., chitinases, RNases, DNases, and induction of programmed cell death) and are primarily considered as antifungal proteins [8–10]. The expression patterns of both PR-4 and S-like RNase genes are rather complex and their participation in antiviral defense mechanisms is not yet clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of an extracellular ribonuclease gene increases resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in tobacco

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe apoplast plays an important role in plant defense against pathogens. Some extracellular PR-4 proteins possess ribonuclease activity and may directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. It is likely that extracellular RNases can also protect plants against some viruses with RNA genomes. However, many plant RNases are multifunctional and the direct link between their ribonucleolytic activity and antiviral defense still needs to be clarified. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of Nicotiana tabacum plants expressing a non-plant single-strand-specific extracellular RNase against Cucumber mosaic virus.ResultsSevere mosaic symptoms and shrinkage were observed in the control non-transgenic plants 10 days after inoculation with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), whereas such disease symptoms were suppressed in the transgenic plants expressing the RNase gene. In a Western blot analysis, viral proliferation was observed in the uninoculated upper leaves of control plants, whereas virus levels were very low in those of transgenic plants. These results suggest that resistance against CMV was increased by the expression of the heterologous RNase gene.ConclusionWe have previously shown that tobacco plants expressing heterologous RNases are characterized by high resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus. In this study, we demonstrated that elevated levels of extracellular RNase activity resulted in increased resistance to a virus with a different genome organization and life cycle. Thus, we conclude that the pathogen-induced expression of plant apoplastic RNases may increase non-specific resistance against viruses with RNA genomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of an extracellular ribonuclease gene increases resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in tobacco

et al. 2016

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“…Note also that numerous reviews describe the use of transient gene expression in plant systems to produce recombinant proteins, first and foremost, for medical purposes [ 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], assessing the activity of regulatory sequences (promoters, translational enhancers) [ 11 ], and other important aspects of plant molecular biology, such as the plant protein activity, the target gene expression regulation, the protein–protein interactions, and etc. [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. However, no review in the available scientific literature so far considers and discusses the key components of transient expression strategy for different plant systems in the context of studying the physiological role of plant genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Gene Expression is an Effective Experimental Tool for the Research into the Fine Mechanisms of Plant Gene Function: Advantages, Limitations, and Solutions

Tyurin

Suhorukova

Кабардаева

et al. 2020

Plants

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A large data array on plant gene expression accumulated thanks to comparative omic studies directs the efforts of researchers to the specific or fine effects of the target gene functions and, as a consequence, elaboration of relatively simple and concurrently effective approaches allowing for the insight into the physiological role of gene products. Numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated the efficacy of transient expression strategy for characterization of the plant gene functions. The review goals are (i) to consider the advantages and limitations of different plant systems and methods of transient expression used to find out the role of gene products; (ii) to summarize the current data on the use of the transient expression approaches for the insight into fine mechanisms underlying the gene function; and (iii) to outline the accomplishments in efficient transient expression of plant genes. In general, the review discusses the main and critical steps in each of the methods of transient gene expression in plants; areas of their application; main results obtained using plant objects; their contribution to our knowledge about the fine mechanisms of the plant gene functions underlying plant growth and development; and clarification of the mechanisms regulating complex metabolic pathways.

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“…In this review, we consider both ETI and PTI to be qualitative resistance, where the plant immune response is either a complete resistance with hypersensitive response or susceptibility. Whereas a weaker immune response, PTI and ETI response, with a lack of hypersensitive response, due to reduced or nonfunctionality of genes that produce effectors/R proteins, and PAMP/PRR proteins, and also due to the production of enzymes and toxins by pathogens, enabling the pathogen to advance further is considered incomplete resistance, partial resistance, basal resistance or quantitative resistance, the third line of defense (Boyd et al, 2013;Kim and Hwang, 2015;Niks et al, 2015;Uma et al, 2011;Waszczak et al, 2015). All the same, neither the distinction between qualitative and quantitative resistance nor between the PTI and ETI is always clear, rather they are shades of gray (Poland et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Kushalappa

Yogendra

Karre

2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

158

103

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Plant diseases, caused by microbes, threaten world food, feed, and bioproduct security. Plant resistance has not been effectively deployed to improve resistance in plants for lack of understanding of biochemical mechanisms and genetic bedrock of resistance. With the advent of genome sequencing, the forward and reverse genetic approaches have enabled deciphering the riddle of resistance. Invading pathogens produce elicitors and effectors that are recognized by the host membrane-localized receptors, which in turn induce a cascade of downstream regulatory and resistance metabolite and protein biosynthetic genes (R) to produce resistance metabolites and proteins, which reduce pathogen advancement through their antimicrobial and cell wall enforcement properties. The resistance in plants to pathogen attack is expressed as reduced susceptibility, ranging from high susceptibility to hypersensitive response, the shades of gray. The hypersensitive response or cell death is considered as qualitative resistance, while the remainder of the reduced susceptibility is considered as quantitative resistance. The resistance is due to additive effects of several resistance metabolites and proteins, which are produced through a network of several hierarchies of plant R genes. Plants recognize the pathogen elicitors or receptors and then induce downstream genes to eventually produce resistance metabolites and proteins that suppress the pathogen advancement in plant. These resistance genes (R), against qualitative and quantitative resistance, can be identified in germplasm collections and replaced in commercial cultivars, if nonfunctional, based on genome editing to improve plant resistance.

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Pepper pathogenesis‐related protein 4c is a plasma membrane‐localized cysteine protease inhibitor that is required for plant cell death and defense signaling

Cited by 34 publications

References 67 publications

Expression of an extracellular ribonuclease gene increases resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in tobacco

Expression of an extracellular ribonuclease gene increases resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in tobacco

Transient Gene Expression is an Effective Experimental Tool for the Research into the Fine Mechanisms of Plant Gene Function: Advantages, Limitations, and Solutions

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

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