Peptide Assembly of Different Dimensions and Their Effect on Myoblast Proliferation

Abstract

Variations in the functionalities of materials of different dimensions containing the same functional groups can be attributed to the structural stability and morphology of the materials. The morphology of peptide assemblies can influence their interactions with biological systems and ultimately modulate their bioactivity. Among reported Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-based supramolecular materials, two-dimensional (2-D) peptide assembly has been rarely studied. Herein, we report the fabrication of RGD-based supramolecular one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D assemblies as peptide-based myoblast growth accelerators. The 2-D assembly was more effective in proliferating C2C12 cells than the 1-D assembly. These findings provide insights into the construction of optimal RGD-based supramolecular functional materials of different dimensions.

Two-Dimensional Molecular Architectonics through Controlled Noncovalent Interactions: Structure, Functional Properties, and Applications

“…(a) TEM images of 2D nanosheets formed by coassembly of 82 and 59 ; (b) schematic representation of the morphological evolution from 2D to 1D nanostructures in the presence of 60 with the coassembly of 82 and 59 ; (c) molecular structures of acceptors (A1/A2); schematic representation of gel formation of A1 and 83 coassembly; (d) schematic representation of electric field ( E )-induced net polarization (P) switching, temperature (Δ) driven disassembly, and a UV-responsive photoinduced single-electron transformation reaction between the A1 and 83 coassembly; (e) 2D supramolecular organic framework formation by coassembly of 84 and 85 in the presence of CB[8]; (f, g) polydopamine nanosheet (PDNS) and its SEM images; (h) AFM image and height profile of nanosheets formed by SAMs of 86 on gold; (i) schematic representation of the formation of a vesicle and 2D sheet by 88 via arene-perfluoroarene interactions; TEM images of (j) molecular assembly of 88 and (k) 2D sheet by 88 and OFN coassembly; (l) schematic representation of the formation of nanofiber and 2D sheet by 89 via arene–arene or arene–perfluoroarene interactions; TEM images of (m) molecular assembly of 89 and (n) 2D sheet by the 89 and OFN coassembly; (o) 3D crystalline structure of copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate MOF; (p) picture displays the spatial arrangement of different liquid layers during the formation of MOF nanosheets; (q) SEM image of bulk type MOF crystal; (r) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) image of layered MOF of 90 ; (s, t) schematic illustration of stable packing motifs of 91 , 92 , and 93 with unit cells marked in light blue; (u, v) shape of nanosheets formed upon growth and partial desorption for these packing motifs. Panels (a, b), (c, d), (e), (i–k), and (l–n) were adapted from ref , ref , ref , ref , and ref , respectively. Copyright 2012, 2016, 2015, 2023, and 2023 respectively, American Chemical Society.…”

“…Notably, peptide 88 coassembled with octafluoronaphthalene (OFN) formed well-organized micrometer long 2D sheet structures (Figure k) through face-centered arene-perfluoroarene stackings (Figure i). In contrast, pyrene-based RGD peptide ( 89 ) assembled to form a 1D nanofibrillar architecture (Figure m) which further transformed into 2D sheets (Figure n) through lateral interaction in the presence of OFN (Figure l) …”