Peptide-Based Sensing, Logic Computing, and Information Security on the Antimonene Platform

Abstract

Peptides have higher information density than DNA and equivalent molecular recognition ability and durability. However, there are currently no reports on the comprehensive use of peptides' recognition ability and structural diversity for sensing, logic computing, information coding, and protection. Herein, we, for the first time, demonstrate peptide-based sensing, logic computing, and information security on the antimonene platform. The molecular recognition capability and structural diversity (amino acid sequence) of peptides (Pb 2+ -binding peptide DHHTQQHD as a model) adsorbed on the antimonene universal fluorescence quenching platform were comprehensively utilized to sense targets (Pb 2+ ) and give a response (fluorescence turn-on) and then to encode, encrypt, and hide information. Fluorescently labeled peptides used as the recognition probe and the information carrier were quenched and hidden by the large-plane twodimensional material antimonene and specifically bound by Pb 2+ as the stego key, resulting in fluorescence recovery. The above interaction and signal change can be considered as a peptide-based sensing and steganographic process to further implement quantitative detection of Pb 2+ , complex logic operation, information coding, encrypting, and hiding using a peptide sequence and the binary conversion of its selectivity. This research provides a basic paradigm for the construction of a molecular sensing and informatization platform and will inspire the development of biopolymer-based molecular information technology (processing, communication, control, security).

Antimonene: a tuneable post-graphene material for advanced applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, energy and biomedicine

“…216 As a final point, antimonene has also been proposed as a platform for peptide-based sensing. In the study by Bu et al, 217 antimonene has been used as a universal quencher of fluorescence for peptides used to sense the presence of metal ions by fluorescence. The authors claim that this platform can be used for molecular logic computing and as a nanosystem for cryptography (Fig.…”

d-Penicillamine@Ag/Cu Nanocluster-Based Fluorescent Nanoneuron for Logic Screening Phosphonate-Type Organophosphate Pesticides and Steganographically Encrypting Information

“…Motivated by human brain circuits, constructing artificial neuron analogues utilizing molecular systems or nanosystems is a new direction for logic sensing, imaging, molecular computing, molecular classifier, and data security. − Various artificial molecular and nanoneurons have been developed to carry out molecular computing operations from simple to complex, such as sequential logic gates, Boolean logic trees, reversible logic gates, and fuzzy logic operations, which hold great potential in the fields of environmental science, food safety, and biomedical science. By utilizing engineered biological units, such as organic molecules, enzymes, nucleic acids, and cell, as building blocks, ongoing efforts involved the design and construction of smart logic sensing and computing devices, with information encoding, classifying, encrypting, and fuzzy search functions. ,− For example, nanomaterials-based fluorescence nanoquenchers using MoS 2 , WS 2 , graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets are commonly used in molecular logic computing, biosensing, and clinical diagnosis. − Other biomolecular probes, including nucleic acids, peptides, and cells, were used for constructing intelligent logic sensing systems for the determination of DNA, biomarkers, and other analytes. ,, We also created Boolean logic trees to organize and connect the changes in matters and energy in the CRISPR-Cas12a-based system and the superwettable surface-based system for developing complex logic sensing circuits. , Although reported molecular or nanosystems have achieved significant performances in logic sensing, molecular computing, and information security, they still exhibit several shortcomings. First, complex modifications and functionalization are required to broaden the signal and function of the system to accomplish multifunction detection and multicode logic information.…”

“…35−37 Other biomolecular probes, including nucleic acids, peptides, and cells, were used for constructing intelligent logic sensing systems for the determination of DNA, biomarkers, and other analytes. 28,38,39 We also created Boolean logic trees to organize and connect the changes in matters and energy in the CRISPR-Cas12abased system and the superwettable surface-based system for developing complex logic sensing circuits. 26,40 Although reported molecular or nanosystems have achieved significant performances in logic sensing, molecular computing, and information security, they still exhibit several shortcomings.…”

Multimorphological Remoldable Silver Nanomaterials from Multimode and Multianalyte Colorimetric Sensing to Molecular Information Technology

“…MIT is an emerging frontier hotspot, including molecular information processing (logic computing), information storage (like DNA data storage), and security protection . With the help of extensible design and stimulus-responsiveness of molecular or nanosystems, some limited examples have been successfully demonstrated for multipurpose applications of sensing, logic computing, or information protection. − How to use simple molecular or nanosystems to build large-scale parallel logic circuits and realize complex logic operations is a direction to pursue . For example, by mining the ability of multichannel and multimatter sensing of molecular or nanosystems, the number of logical inputs and outputs can be effectively increased, to expand the scale of logic operations. ,,, Meanwhile, another emerging direction is how to develop or use molecular or nanosystems to explore the characteristics of the molecular information contained in them, to protect information (such as information encryption and hiding). − Although some molecular or nanosystems have created vitality in molecular computing and information safety, − it still has great challenges, including manufacturing defects, poor functionality, and limited paradigms.…”