Peptide Conjugate on Multilayer Graphene Oxide Film for the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) is extensively studied as a template material for mesenchymal stem cell application due to its two-dimensional nature and unique functionalization chemistries. Herein, a new type of peptide-conjugated multilayer graphene oxide (peptide/m-GO film) was fabricated and used as biomaterial for culturing human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). The characterization of the peptide/m-GO films was performed, and the biocompatibility of the WJ-MSCs on the peptide/m-GO films was investigated. The results demonstrated that the peptide conjugate on the m-GO film did not hamper the normal growth of WJ-MSCs but supported the growth of WJ-MSCs after the 6-day culture period. In addition, the osteogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs on the peptide/m-GO films was enhanced as compared with the parent m-GO film. Therefore, such peptide-conjugated m-GO films could provide a highly biocompatible and multifunctional 2D material to tailor the potential application of WJ-MSCs in bone tissue regeneration.

Cell-binding peptides on the material surface guide stem cell fate of adhesion, proliferation and differentiation

“…Although ECM proteins such as recombinant vitronectin, laminin-511, or laminin-521 are frequently immobilized on TCP dishes for hPSC culture and differentiation by the coating method, some researchers have also immobilized nonmodified peptides. 72,92,98,108,129,[173][174][175][176][177][178][179] There are also some reports that peptides were conjugated with synthetic polymers or proteins by chemical or genetic engineering methods; the resulting polymers are used as coating materials. Several studies in which stem cells are cultured on peptide-coated surfaces are summarized in Table S9 (ESI †).…”

“…Several studies in which stem cells are cultured on peptide-coated surfaces are summarized in Table S9 (ESI †). 89,92,98,108,129,150,173,174,[177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187] These investigations are discussed in more detail as follows.…”

“…Puah et al designed peptides by combining the bioactive peptide site from ECM proteins, including laminin-derived peptides YIGSR and IKVAV (Table S1, ESI †). 92 The combined peptides (YIGSRWYQNMIRIKVAV, QHREDGSYIGSRIKVAV, WQPPRARIYIGSRIKVAV, DGEARGDSPKRSR) (Fig. 6) were coated on multilayer graphene oxide (mGO) with a relatively low coating concentration of the combined peptide solution (50 mM, or 105 mg mL À1 for YIGSRWYQNMIRIKVAV).…”

Graphene Oxide–Protein-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications

“…In addition to the aforementioned nanocomposite formulations, GO can be used as a matrix for the differentiation of stem cells [158]. Multilayer GO was chemically modified with four peptide sequences in order to generate a biocompatible substrate for the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human Wharton's jelly [159]. Cell viability tests demonstrated that the bioconjugate nanoplatform promoted and enhanced the viability of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells and also stimulated osteogenic differentiation.…”

Impact of Graphene Derivatives as Artificial Extracellular Matrices on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…The outcome validated the osteogenic differentiation of WJMSCs onto the peptide-GO film which was significantly improved compared to the parent GO film. This novel peptide-GO film was highly biocompatible and could be directly applied for bone tissue regeneration [151]. Therefore, the exploitation of graphene derivatives has sparked the interest in tissue engineering and bone regeneration applications [152].…”