Peptide-Enriched Silk Fibroin Sponge and Trabecular Titanium Composites to Enhance Bone Ingrowth of Prosthetic Implants in an Ovine Model of Bone Gaps

Abstract

Osteoarthritis frequently requires arthroplasty. Cementless implants are widely used in clinics to replace damaged cartilage or missing bone tissue. In cementless arthroplasty, the risk of aseptic loosening strictly depends on implant stability and bone-implant interface, which are fundamental to guarantee the long-term success of the implant. Ameliorating the features of prosthetic materials, including their porosity and/or geometry, and identifying osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive coatings of implant surfaces are the main strategies to enhance the bone-implant contact surface area. Herein, the development of a novel composite consisting in the association of macro-porous trabecular titanium with silk fibroin (SF) sponges enriched with anionic fibroin-derived polypeptides is described. This composite is applied to improve early bone ingrowth into the implant mesh in a sheep model of bone defects. The composite enables to nucleate carbonated hydroxyapatite and accelerates the osteoblastic differentiation of resident cells, inducing an outward bone growth, a feature that can be particularly relevant when applying these implants in the case of poor osseointegration. Moreover, the osteoconductive properties of peptide-enriched SF sponges support an inward bone deposition from the native bone towards the implants. This technology can be exploited to improve the biological functionality of various prosthetic materials in terms of early bone fixation and prevention of aseptic loosening in prosthetic surgery.

A New Anorganic Equine Bone Substitute for Oral Surgery: Structural Characterization and Regenerative Potential

“…In brief, following ISO 10993-6:2007, Annex E, an experienced pathologist examined 10 photos for each slide at a magnification of 400× in order to evaluate all parameters by using an objective score system in the microscopic field. In each section, a global score between 0 (absence of cells/absence of tissues response) and 4 (packed cells/extensive presence of tissue response) was given to each parameter at all time-points, and the mean value for each sample was given [ 28 ].…”

Antibacterial Optimization of Highly Deformed Titanium Alloys for Spinal Implants

“…Resistance to bacterial adhesion can be found also in other coatings; i.e., TiO 2 in combination with UV light may photocatalyze hydrocarbons and bacteria [ 36 ], or TiNO x, with especially ~104 µΩ cm electrical resistance, minimizes bacterial adhesion, too [ 37 ]. The same effect could be achieved with protein-resistant poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) [ 23 , 38 ], which both significantly reduce bacterial adhesion (e.g., brush-like 2D structure pattern of PEG), but hinder osteoblast adhesion. In contrast, bio-active chitosan and hyaluronic acid may stimulate differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells [ 39 , 40 ].…”

“…Quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitors and peptides are also intensively studied, but of interest are only those with low antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of biological species and the tendency to develop drug resistance [ 19 , 20 ]. In contrast, non-antibiotic, inorganic Ag has a broad antibacterial spectrum at very low ppb (parts per billion) concentrations in tissue [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. It inhibits bacterial adhesion [ 26 ], as well as having both a long-lasting effect and low cytotoxicity at necessary doses [ 27 ], backed by very low risk of resistance development to bacteria.…”

Biomimetic Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Silk Fibroin-Based Coating with Enhanced Antibacterial and Osteogenic Abilities

“…Biomimetic nanocomposites that are highly structurally similar to the natural bone minerals are studied to be produced by biomimetic approaches with template molecules like silk fibroin (SF) and collagen. , Also, these nanocomposites produced by regulating the usage of protein templates are able to lead to new mineral deposition, promoting the cell proliferation and adhesion, resulting in speedy osseointegration and bone regeneration, thanks to their high biological activity, which have extensive application in bone implantation materials. , Significantly different from other natural macromolecular polymers is that SF is a better choice of biomaterials for bone regeneration. , The structure of SF’s fibrin is very similar to Col I, an important organic component in the bone microstructure. In addition, the amorphous connections in the SF’s β-sheet structure have anionic properties similar to those of noncollagen proteins and can be used as nucleation sites for nHA .…”