“…CPPs offer greater stability and biocompatibility than other non-viral vectors. Despite their low molecular weight, these peptides can provide different functions such as forming complexes with nucleic acids, cell penetration, and endosomal disruption, all of which are crucial for gene delivery [ 12 - 14 , 15 ] . Studies have demonstrated that nona-arginine (R9) can non-covalently bind to siRNA and deliver it into mammalian cells [ 16 , 17 ] .…”