Peptides: Gastrointestinal Hormones

Bertaccini, G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68474-6_2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Compared with placebo, small bowel transit was not significantly affected by loxiglumide whereas the colonic one was significantly ac celerated. These findings, in accordance with in vitro [24,30] Since CCK is thought to be implicated in the genesis o f gastrocolic response [45], the effect of CCK antagonism on colonic motor response to intragastric fat was studied in healthy humans [47], Basal motility index (Ml) in the sigmoid colon was higher during loxiglumide infusion (10 mg-kg_ l-h) than during placebo. Intragastric administration of soya oil caused a significant increase o f MI above baseline during placebo infusion but did not change the already elevated MI during loxiglumide administration.…”

Section: Pharmacological Stimulation Of Gastrointestinal Motilitysupporting

confidence: 54%

Pharmacological Stimulation of Gastrointestinal Motility: Where We Are and Where Are We Going?

Scarpignato¹

1997

Dig Dis

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Drugs affecting gastrointestinal motility have become valuable in the management of a number of diseases. Medications that enhance the transit of material through the gastrointestinal tract are called prokinetics. Although symptom improvement can be seen in a variety of motility disorders, these medications have not shown a selective benefit for a particular motility disturbance or symptom complex. This class of drugs includes several subclasses, each with a distinct mechanism of action. Amongst the existing prokinetic compounds, dopamine antagonists, on the one hand, and cholinomimetic drugs, on the other hand, should be distinguished. Since compounds endowed with dopamine antagonism have the disadvantage of causing neuroendocrine side effects and/or extrapyramidal dyskinetic reactions (seen especially after metoclopramide), the recently developed non-cholinergic non-antidopaminergic compound, cisapride, seems to be the most effective one. Its main mechanism of action is considered to be the stimulation of myenteric cholinergic nerves with consequent increase of acetylcholine release. Recent evidence suggests that blockade of CCK receptors and stimulation of motilin receptors are also promising avenues to increase gastrointestinal motility. Since drugs acting on 5-HT receptors are presently the best available motor-stimulating compounds, new derivatives are being developed as gastrokinetic drugs. Although the long-acting somatostatin analog, octreotide, and the GnRH agonist, leuprolide, have shown prokinetic properties in particular clinical conditions, their widespread use cannot be recommended at present. Further work is needed to determine the predictive value of objective abnormalities for the efficacy of a drug in the individual patient. This is the crucial point to define a rational strategy in clinical practice, especially to establish if functional investigation is needed before a prokinetic drug be given.

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Section: Pharmacological Stimulation Of Gastrointestinal Motilitysupporting

confidence: 54%

Pharmacological Stimulation of Gastrointestinal Motility: Where We Are and Where Are We Going?

Scarpignato¹

1997

Dig Dis

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“…The fact that in the present experiments both effects were abolished by TTX indicates that they are mediated by the activation of neural structures located in the duodenal wall. Although it has been reported that the in vitro contractile effect of CCK on gastrointestinal muscle is mediated in part by a presynaptic action of CCK involving the release of ACh from cholinergic intrinsic nerves (17), it is worth noting that the contractile response in our experiments was observed in the presence of atropine. Therefore, and in contrast with the findings in canine gastrointestinal tract (18,19), it is unlikely that the neural-dependent contractile effect of CCK on the longitudinal muscle of the rat proximal duodenum involves the activation of muscarinic receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

<a name="home"></a>Activation of neural cholecystokinin-1 receptors induces relaxation of the isolated rat duodenum which is reduced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Martins

Oliveira

Ballejo

2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Cholecystokinin (CCK) influences gastrointestinal motility, by acting on central and peripheral receptors. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CCK has any effect on isolated duodenum longitudinal muscle activity and to characterize the mechanisms involved. Isolated segments of the rat proximal duodenum were mounted for the recording of isometric contractions of longitudinal muscle in the presence of atropine and guanethidine. CCK-8S (EC 50 : 39; 95% CI: 4.1-152 nM) and cerulein (EC 50 : 58; 95% CI: 18-281 nM) induced a concentration-dependent and tetrodotoxin-sensitive relaxation. N ω nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) reduced CCK-8S-and ceruleininduced relaxation (IC 50 : 5.2; 95% CI: 2.5-18 µM) in a concentrationdependent manner. The magnitude of 300 nM CCK-8S-induced relaxation was reduced by 100 µM L-NOARG from 73 ± 5.1 to 19 ± 3.5% in an L-arginine but not D-arginine preventable manner. The CCK-1 receptor antagonists proglumide, lorglumide and devazepide, but not the CCK-2 receptor antagonist L-365,260, antagonized CCK-8S-induced relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that CCK-8S and cerulein activate intrinsic nitrergic nerves acting on CCK-1 receptors in order to cause relaxation of the rat duodenum longitudinal muscle.

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“…In both animals and humans inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK and related peptides involves a drop of intragastric pressure, due to the relaxation of the proximal stomach and a contraction of the antropyloric region, where the peptide decreases the motility index and the basal electric rhythm (for a review see ref. 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dexloxiglumide and spiroglumide, two new CCK‐receptor antagonists, on gastric emptying and secretion in the rat: evaluation of their receptor selectivity in vivo.

Scarpignato

Kisfalvi

D’Amato

et al. 1996

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Peptides: Gastrointestinal Hormones

Cited by 7 publications

References 114 publications

Pharmacological Stimulation of Gastrointestinal Motility: Where We Are and Where Are We Going?

Pharmacological Stimulation of Gastrointestinal Motility: Where We Are and Where Are We Going?

<a name="home"></a>Activation of neural cholecystokinin-1 receptors induces relaxation of the isolated rat duodenum which is reduced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Effect of dexloxiglumide and spiroglumide, two new CCK‐receptor antagonists, on gastric emptying and secretion in the rat: evaluation of their receptor selectivity in vivo.

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