Peptidoglycan hydrolases-potential weapons against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus are common pathogens responsible for a broad spectrum of human and animal infections and belong to the most important etiological factors causing food poisoning. Because of rapid increase in the prevalence of isolation of staphylococci resistant to many antibiotics, there is an urgent need for the development of new alternative chemotherapeutics. A number of studies have recently demonstrated the strong potential of peptidoglycan hydrolases (PHs) to control and treat infections caused by this group of bacteria. PHs cause rapid lysis and death of bacterial cells. The review concentrates on enzymes hydrolyzing peptidoglycan of staphylococci. Usually, they are characterized by high specificity to only Staphylococcus aureus cell wall components; however, some of them are also able to lyse cells of other staphylococci, e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis-human pathogen of growing importance and also other groups of bacteria. Some PHs strengthen the bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity of common antibiotics, and as a result, they should be considered as component of combined therapy which could definitely reduced the development of bacterial resistance to both enzymes and antibiotics. The preliminary research revealed that most of these enzymes can be produced using heterologous, especially Escherichia coli expression systems; however, still much effort is required to develop more efficient and large-scale production technologies. This review discusses current state on knowledge with emphasis on the possibilities of application of PHs in the context of therapeutics for infections caused by staphylococci.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus for Biofilm Formation Ability

“…In another study, 42% isolates were found to be biofilm producer (Dziekiewicz -Mrugasiewicz et al, 2008). Szweda et al (2012) found 57% positive isolates by CRA method.…”

“…These results are in agreement with the previous reports on S. aureus by Cucarella et al (2001) who found only 5% isolates positive for bap gene. Szweda et al (2012) did not report bap gene in any of isolates in his study in Poland. Similar, results were found in S. aureus isolates of different origin, such as human, sheep, goat, bovine, pig, poultry, horse and rabbit (Vancraeynest et al, 2004;Nitzsche et al, 2007;Vautor et al, 2008;Melchior et al, 2009), Vantor andcowoekers (2008), hypothesized that the bap gene has not spread among the S. aureus isolates of animal and human origin and its prevalence is very low.…”

Studies on Two Exoenzymes Which Lyse Wine-Spoiling Bacteria

“…In addition to wine-related microorganisms, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus were lysed by the culture supernatant. As many staphylococci are known as human pathogens, the lytic enzymes of S. albidoflavus B 578 may also be of some medical interest [27]- [30].…”

Розвиток Імунної Відповіді При Стафілококовій Пневмонії (Частина 2)

“…Пептидоглика-ны, которые представляют собой гетерополимеры N-ацетил-D-глюкозамина и N-ацетилмурамовой кислоты, соединенные β-1,4-гликозидными связя-ми, являются основными лигандами NLR: NLRC1/ NOD1 и NLRC2/NOD2 [27,88].…”