Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Yao, Yiming; Chang, Shuai; Zhao, Yangyang; Tang, Jianhui; Sun, Hongwen; Xie, Zhiyong

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023

Cited by 67 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…TFA was an ionizable homologue (pK a = 0.23) mainly distributed in the gas phase. The particle phase fraction φ values of TFA varied over a large range from 0 to 100% (mean 27% ± 32%), which was consistent with coastal cities and one inland city in China (Hu et al, 2013;Yao et al, 2016Yao et al, , 2017a. The factors that influence TFA distribution were complex.…”

Section: Gas/particle Distribution Of Pfassmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The pretreatment of the samples has been described elsewhere (Wang et al, 2014b;Yao et al, 2017a). Briefly, the air columns were Soxhlet-extracted by DCM for 24 h after being spiked with 10 ng (0.5 ng μL −1 , 20 μL) IS and were then switched to methanol for another 24 h to collect possible residue.…”

Section: Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio of PFOA to PFNA was over 100, and direct release was considered the main source (Chen et al, 2017b). i-PFASs in coastal and marine surface waters could transport to air as aerosols and then undergo long-range atmospheric transport, which was identified as the direct source (Ahrens et al, 2011b;Prevedouros et al, 2006;Yao et al, 2017b). The significantly lower ratios of PFOA to PFNA in air compared to coastal water suggested the moderate contribution of direct sources.…”

Section: Concentrations Composition and Sources Of Pfass In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kp values increased with the increasing relative humidity in the air, which suggested the strong partitioning potential of the particle phase in marine atmospheres (Arp et al, 2008). However, fewer studies in marine air than land and coastal city air have been conducted (Ahrens et al, 2012;Shoeib et al, 2004;Yao et al, 2017b). The dry deposition was an important path for PFAS transport from air to surface water, while the estimation of fluxes based on field investigation have been rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and dry deposition of alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Fang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Atmospheric Environment

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A total of 26 alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in air collected above the Bohai and Yellow Seas during a research cruise between June 28 and July 15, 2016. ∑PFAS concentrations ranged from 70 pg m −3 to 430 pg m −3 (mean 230 ± 100 pg m −3 ). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, mean 120 ± 80 pg m −3 ) and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH, mean 34 ± 46 pg m −3 ) were the predominating compounds of ionizable PFASs (i-PFASs) and neutral PFASs (n-PFASs), respectively. The contributions of C 4 and C 6 i-PFASs were higher than those of C 8 i-PFASs. Alternative substances, such as chlorinated 6:2 polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-6:2 PFESA, mean 1.6 ± 1.2 pg m −3 ) and diPAPs (mean 1.6 ± 1.3 pg m −3 ), were only detected on the filter. The distribution coefficient of 10:2 FTOH was higher than 8:2 FTOH, which could be explained by the length of the carbon chain. The gas phase dry deposition velocities were simulated, and the values ranged from 0.08 ± 0.12 cm s −1 to 0.85 ± 0.28 cm s −1 . For i-PFASs and diPAPs, the estimated fluxes of the particle phase were higher than those of the gas phase. For n-PFASs and TFA, the gas phase deposition played a key role. The ∑PFASs dry deposition fluxes were 11-290 ng (m 2 d) −1 (mean 72 ± 67 ng (m 2 d) −1 ). The measurement of the concentrations in the gas and particle phases simultaneously provided a more comprehensive understanding of PFAS behaviours in air.

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Section: Gas/particle Distribution Of Pfassmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concentrations Composition and Sources Of Pfass In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and dry deposition of alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Fang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Some studies have reported the distribution of PFASs in the particle and gaseous phase of the atmosphere, − indicating that the concentration of PFASs in the global atmosphere is increasing year after year, and that ionizable PFASs show stronger affinity to atmospheric particulate matter than do neutral PFASs. , However, the existing studies only focus on legacy PFASs such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs), and perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs) without studying the distribution of novel PFASs in air, especially the gaseous phase of air. Furthermore, traditional air samplers primarily use adsorbent materials such as polyurethane foam (PUF) for specific pollutants, which can only guarantee the absorption performance of the target PFASs. − It is difficult to collect pollutants effectively from high-humidity air using PUF .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontarget Discovery of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Gaseous Phase Using Cryogenic Air Sampler

Wen

Wang

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Novel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have become a key issue in global environmental studies. Although several novel PFASs have been discovered in atmospheric particulate matter through nontarget analysis, information on the environmental occurrence of novel PFASs in atmospheric gaseous phases and conventional sampling techniques is somewhat deficient. Therefore, this Article describes a new type of air sampler, the cryogenic air sampler (CAS), which was used to collect all atmospheric components simultaneously. Nontarget analysis then was performed through PFASs homologue analysis. A total of 117 PFAS homologues (38 classes) were discovered, 48 of which (13 classes) were identified with confidence Level 4 or above. Eleven chlorinated perfluoropolyether alcohols (3 classes) and four chlorinated perfluoropolyether carboxylic acids (2 classes) have been reported for the first time in this Article. This Article is also the first report of 12 hydrosubstituted perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (H-PFCAs) in the atmosphere. H-PFCAs and chlorinated perfluoropolyether carboxylic acids were mainly distributed in the particular phase. These results are evidence that novel chlorinated polyether PFASs should be the focus of future study.

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Perfluorinated Substances

Campo¹,

Picó²

2022

Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Cited by 67 publications

References 59 publications

Distribution and dry deposition of alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Distribution and dry deposition of alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Nontarget Discovery of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Gaseous Phase Using Cryogenic Air Sampler

Perfluorinated Substances

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