Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the contribution of unknown precursors and short-chain (C2–C3) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids at solid waste disposal facilities

Wang, Bin; Yao, Yiming; Chen, Hao; Chang, Shuai; Tian, Ying; Sun, Hongwen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135832

Cited by 80 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The low extraction recovery of TFA in aqueous samples with a high salinity was also reported before [33]. Wang et al [30] reported a method based on pretreatment with Cleanert ion chromatography (IC)-Ba/Ag/H cartridges to remove excessive SO 4 2− or Cl − in the solution after TOP assay. The recovery of TFA in test samples increased from 0% to 78% when the IC-Ba/Ag/H cartridges were applied prior to extraction by WAX-SPE.…”

Section: Analytical Techniques and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Two recent studies reported low recovery of ultra-shortchain PFAAs in samples after chemical oxidation at high pH using persulfate and sodium hydroxide (i.e., total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay) [29,30]. The TOP assay results in a solution containing large amounts of SO 4 2− and the pH is around 10; before SPE, the pH has to be adjusted to 4 using HCl.…”

Section: Analytical Techniques and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, due to the persistence of TFA and other ultra-short-chain PFAAs, along with expected increased environmental concentrations, continued attention is necessary. Furthermore, there has been an increasing interest on methods for TOP assay and extractable organic fluorine with the inclusion of ultra-short-chain PFAAs, since they can be formed as oxidation products and will contribute to the fluorine mass balance [29,30]. Efforts should be made to increase the performance of the existing methods, in terms of extraction recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility, so that produced data can be comparable.…”

Section: Human Health and Environmental Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction of PFASs including ultra-short-chain PFAAs from water is commonly done using a method based on mixed-mode hydrophobic and weak anion-exchange solidphase extraction (WAX-SPE) [20]. However, recent studies report varying and matrix depending extraction recoveries for TFA [11,28], and work has focused on increasing the recovery of ultra-short-chain PFAAs in complex sample matrices [29,30]. Several reviews on PFAS summarizing the current state of knowledge and the existing analytical techniques exist; however, there are no published reviews addressing neither the challenge in the analytical determination of ultrashort-chain PFAAs nor their sources, environmental fate, occurrence, and implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in the analytical determination of ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and implications for environmental and human health

et al. 2020

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Ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids have recently gained attention due to increasing environmental concentrations being observed. The most well-known ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acid is trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) which has been studied since the 1990s. Potential sources and the fate of ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids other than TFA are not well studied and data reporting their environmental occurrence is scarce. The analytical determination of ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids is challenging due to their high polarity resulting in low retention using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Furthermore, recent studies have reported varying extraction recoveries in water samples depending on the water matrix and different methods have been suggested to increase the extraction recovery. The present review gives an overview of the currently used analytical methods and summarizes the findings regarding potential analytical challenges. In addition, the current state of knowledge regarding TFA and other ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, namely perfluoropropanoic acid, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, perfluoroethane sulfonic acid, and perfluoropropane sulfonic acid‚ are reviewed. Both known and potential sources as well as environmental concentrations are summarized and discussed together with their fate and the environmental and human implications.

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Section: Analytical Techniques and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Analytical Techniques and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Health and Environmental Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in the analytical determination of ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and implications for environmental and human health

et al. 2020

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“…Fugitive emissions of TFA have been reported from landfills, transfer stations, and incinerators in locations where manufacturing facilities produce fluorinated chemicals [ 1 ]. In a study by Wang and colleagues [ 424 ], air samples and water leaching from a location that received municipal solid waste near the city of Tianjin in China were analysed for PFAS. Air samples contained 20 longer chain PFAS, but dominant compounds were those with 8, 10 and 12 carbons in the chain.…”

Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Neale

Barnes

Robson

et al. 2021

Photochem Photobiol Sci

130

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This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Winchell

Ross

Wells

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

113

104

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recalcitrant group of chemicals and can be found throughout the environment. They often collect in wastewater systems with virtually no degradation prior to environmental discharge. Some PFAS partitions to solids captured in wastewater treatment which require further processing. Of all the commonly applied solids treatment technologies, incineration offers the only possibility to completely destroy PFAS. Little is known about the fate of PFAS through incineration, in particular, for the systems employed in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). This review covers available research on the fate of PFAS through incineration systems with a focus on sewage sludge incinerators. This research indicates that at least some PFAS destruction will occur with incineration approaches used at WRRFs. Furthermore, PFAS in flue gas, ash, or water streams used for incinerator pollution control may be undetectable. Future research involving full‐scale fate studies will provide insight on the efficacy of PFAS destruction through incineration and whether other compounds of concern are generated. Practitioner points Thermal processing is the only commercial approach available to destroy PFAS. Thermal degradation conditions required for destruction of PFAS during incineration processes are discussed. Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incineration technologies remains unclear. Other thermal technologies such as smoldering combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction provide promise but are in developmental phases.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the contribution of unknown precursors and short-chain (C2–C3) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids at solid waste disposal facilities

Cited by 80 publications

References 56 publications

Challenges in the analytical determination of ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and implications for environmental and human health

Challenges in the analytical determination of ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and implications for environmental and human health

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

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