Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the German environment – Levels and patterns in different matrices

Kotthoff, Matthias; Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Göckener, Bernd; Bücking, Mark; Biegel-Engler, Annegret; Koschorreck, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140116

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…(2010) and Kotthoff et al . (2020), who collected seabream samples from the German sea, showed significantly highest amounts of PFASs among all reported for fish fillets. This high contamination could derive by a large presence of industries releasing industrial production materials containing high amounts of PFAS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Mediterranean sea and North Italian lake fish addressed to Italian consumer

Chiesa

Pavlović

Arioli

et al. 2021

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary The primary source of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure is the diet, mainly fish. Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and seabream (Sparus aurata) are among the most consumed sea fish in Italy. Fish from Northern Italy lakes like perch (Perca fluviatilis) is of particular importance in terms of consumption volume, while Mediterranean shad (Alosa agone) and European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) represent niche consumption. These species too could be a cause of consumer exposure to PFAS. The study investigated the presence of PFASs in the above‐mentioned fish species through LC‐HRMS analysis. Only PFBA and PFOS were found both in lake and sea fish while PFBS was found only in lake fish. The found concentrations were used to estimate intake of PFOS, the only detected molecule of the four discussed in the last EFSA report. The Tolerable Weekly Intake of 4.4 ng kg−1 b.w. per week was never exceeded also for the 99th percentile consumers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Mediterranean sea and North Italian lake fish addressed to Italian consumer

Chiesa

Pavlović

Arioli

et al. 2021

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…Technical mixtures of 360 g PFOA (96% purity) and 367.5 g PFOS (98% purity) were applied once at the end of March 2007 to four identical 1 m 2 square-sized and 1.5-m deep lysimeters containing undisturbed soil columns (monolithic soil columns). This application mass represents rather a worst-case spill (25 mg/kg soil) than a background pollution, which was found to be in the μg/kg range for the sum of PFAS in German soils (Kotthoff et al 2020). The leachate, which was caused by natural rainfall, was collected monthly with glass drain bottles (each with a capacity of 60 L) and analysed for PFOA and PFOS in the lab.…”

Section: Prior Lysimeter Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined leaching and plant uptake simulations of PFOA and PFOS under field conditions

Gaßmann

Weidemann

Stahl

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in industrial production and manufacturing but were repeatedly detected in agricultural soils and therefore in cash crops in recent years. Dissipation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a subgroup of PFASs, in the environment was rather attributed to the formation of non-extractable residues (NER) than to degradation or transformation. Currently, there are no models describing the fate of PFAAs in the soil-plant continuum under field conditions, which hampers an assessment of potential groundwater and food contamination. Therefore, we tested the ability of the pesticideleaching model MACRO to simulate the leaching and plant uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a field lysimeter using two concepts of adsorption: a kinetic two-side sorption concept usually applied for pesticide leaching (scenario I) and the formation of NER (scenario II). The breakthrough of substances could be simulated adequately in scenario II only. Scenario I, however, was not able to reproduce sampled leaching concentrations. Plant uptake was simulated well in the first year after contamination but lacked adequacy in the following years. The model results suggest that more than 90% of PFOA and PFOS are in the pool of NER after 8 years, which is more compared with other studies. However, since NER formation was hypothesized to be a kinetic process and our study used a PFASs leaching time series over a period of 8 years, the results are reasonable. Further research is required on the formation of NER and the uptake of PFAAs into plants in order to gain a better model performance and extend the simulation approach to other PFAAs.

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“…They have unique physicochemical characteristics arising because there are more fluorine atoms than H atoms, and the strengths of carbon–fluorine bonds give fluoroalkyl moieties high thermal, chemical and biochemical stability. Whether from heavy metals or PFASs, harmful effects have negative impacts on systems in the human body, including respiratory, urinary, immune, and even reproductive systems 11 – 14 . As indicated in previous studies, complexes formed by self-assembly through bidentate or multidentate coordination of organic ligands and heavy metals change the existing forms of pollutants 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple pollutants in groundwater near an abandoned Chinese fluorine chemical park: concentrations, correlations and health risk assessments

Tang

Zhu

Xiang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Contamination and adverse effects from various pollutants often appear in abandoned industrial regions. Thus, nine groundwater samples were collected from the vicinity of the fluorochemical industry in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, to determine concentrations of the ten heavy metals arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and mercury(Hg), as well as those of fluorine (F−) and eighteen poly- and perfluorinated substances (PFASs), analyse correlation relationships, and assess the health risks for different age groups. The results showed that the levels of fluorine (F−) (0.92–4.42 mg·L−1), Mn (0.0005–4.91 mg·L−1) and Fe (1.45–5.61 mg·L−1) exceeded the standard limits for drinking water. Short chain perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (4.14–2501.42 ng·L−1), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (17.07–51,818.61 ng·L−1) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (0.47–936.32 ng·L−1) were the predominant substances from the PFASs group. No individual PFASs levels had significant relationships with F− or heavy metal contents. There was a positive relationship between short chain PFASs concentrations and water depth and a negative relationship between long chain PFASs concentration and water depth. The hazard quotient (HQ) decreased in the order F− > heavy metals > PFASs and also decreased for older age groups. In addition, As, Fe, Mn and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the main sources of risk from the heavy metal and PFASs groups, respectively.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the German environment – Levels and patterns in different matrices

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Mediterranean sea and North Italian lake fish addressed to Italian consumer

Presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Mediterranean sea and North Italian lake fish addressed to Italian consumer

Combined leaching and plant uptake simulations of PFOA and PFOS under field conditions

Multiple pollutants in groundwater near an abandoned Chinese fluorine chemical park: concentrations, correlations and health risk assessments

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