Per-Contact Risk of Human Immunodificiency Virus Tramnsmision between Male Sexual Partners

Abstract

The risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from various types of homosexual contact, including oral sex, is of biologic, epidemiologic, and public health importance. The per-contact risk of acquiring HIV infection from specific acts was estimated in a prospective cohort study of 2,189 high-risk homosexual and bisexual men, conducted in San Francisco, California; Denver, Colorado; and Chicago, Illinois, in 1992-1994. During 2,633 person-years of follow-up, 60 seroconversions were observed. The estimated per-contact risk of acquiring HIV from unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URA) was 0.82 percent (95% confidence interval: 0.24, 2.76 percent) when the partner was known to be HIV+ and 0.27 percent (95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.49 percent) when partners of unknown serostatus were included. There was heterogeneity in per-contact risk, with nine seroconversions occurring after only one or two episodes of URA. The per-contact risk associated with unprotected insertive anal and receptive oral sex with HIV-positive or unknown serostatus partners was 0.06 and 0.04 percent, respectively. URA accounted for only 15 percent of all reported sexual activity by seroconverters. As lower-risk practices become more common, they may play a larger role in propagating the epidemic and should also be addressed by interventions targeting high-risk homosexual and bisexual men.

Sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital

“…10,14 One recent study estimated the per-act risk of HIV infection from URAI with a partner who is HIV-positive at 0.82% (82 in 10,000) and with a partner of unknown serostatus at 0.27% (27 in 10,000). 15 According to studies conducted over various parts of India over the years the incidence of Gonorrhoea ranged from 3.87% to 16.79% among patients attending STD clinics and no significant difference in the incidence was seen among MSMs. [16][17][18][19] In our study, out of the 24 MSM patients who had urethritis, 10 were diagnosed to have gonococcal urethritis (0.82%) which was less when compared to other studies.…”

Longitudinal Patterns of Methamphetamine, Popper (Amyl Nitrite), and Cocaine Use and High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among a Cohort of San Francisco Men Who Have Sex with Men

“…These behaviors represent significant risk for HIV transmission. 17 The depression indicator was calculated from a sum of 7 questions (as opposed to 20 on the full CES-D scale), where for each question, responses fell on a Likert scale of never or rarely, sometimes, often and mostly or always. We normalized the score based on the 20-question scale to reflect proportionately the same cut-point for clinically depressed.…”

The practical and symbolic purpose of dental dams in lesbian safer sex promotion

“…The low rates of transmission of HIV between men during fellatio [9][10][11] suggest that transmission during cunnilingus would be unlikely unless the mucous membrane of mouth or vulva were damaged. Fellatio is of course not entirely risk free, but AIDS organisations in Australia (although not necessarily elsewhere) have promoted it as considerably safer than anal intercourse, and not insisted that condoms were essential for oral sex.…”