Peracetic Acid Sanitation on Arugula Microgreens Contaminated with Surface-Attached and Internalized Tulane Virus and Rotavirus

Fuzawa, Miyu; Duan, Jinglin; Shisler, Joanna L.; Nguyen, Thanh H.

doi:10.1007/s12560-021-09473-1

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…For inactivation of viruses, significant research has been conducted to study PAA’s ability to inactivate nonenveloped virus surrogates. From the literature, PAA can inactivate human norovirus surrogates (e.g., Murine norovirus (MNV), ,, Feline calicivirus, Tulane virus) and rotavirus to a satisfactory level, but the removal of Hepatitis A, bacteriophage P001, and MS2 , is inefficient. On the other hand, viral inactivation by PFA has been scarcely reported and whether PFA can inactivate the PAA-resistant viruses is worthy of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria and Virus Inactivation: Relative Efficacy and Mechanisms of Peroxyacids and Chlor(am)ine

Wang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Peroxyacids (POAs) are a promising alternative to chlorine for reducing the formation of disinfection byproducts. However, their capacity for microbial inactivation and mechanisms of action require further investigation. We evaluated the efficacy of three POAs (performic acid (PFA), peracetic acid (PAA), and perpropionic acid (PPA)) and chlor(am)ine for inactivation of four representative microorganisms (Escherichia coli (Gramnegative bacteria), Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria), MS2 bacteriophage (nonenveloped virus), and Φ6 (enveloped virus)) and for reaction rates with biomolecules (amino acids and nucleotides). Bacterial inactivation efficacy (in anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) effluent) followed the order of PFA > chlorine > PAA ≈ PPA. Fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated that free chlorine induced surface damage and cell lysis rapidly, whereas POAs led to intracellular oxidative stress through penetrating the intact cell membrane. However, POAs (50 μM) were less effective than chlorine at inactivating viruses, achieving only ∼1-log PFU removal for MS2 and Φ6 after 30 min of reaction in phosphate buffer without genome damage. Results suggest that POAs' unique interaction with bacteria and ineffective viral inactivation could be attributed to their selectivity toward cysteine and methionine through oxygen-transfer reactions and limited reactivity for other biomolecules. These mechanistic insights could inform the application of POAs in water and wastewater treatment.

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