Perbaikan Mutu Genetik Melalui Sistem Grading Ternak dalam Upaya Menunjang Program Pemuliaan Berbasis Digital

Abstract

ABSTRAKPengembangan sapi potong di Indonesia telah berkembang dibeberapa daerah dengan menerapkan teknologi dan inovasi peternakan melalui Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR). Penelitian ini bertujuan memperbaiki mutu genetik sapi PO melalui seleksi berdasarkan sistem grading untuk pembibitan dan perbanyakan sapi, serta melakukan pemantauan perkembangannya dengan program digitalisasi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendataan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan sistem wawancara langsung ke para peternak menggunakan kuisioner. Parameter penelitian diantaranya karakteristik eksternal, silsilah sapi, dan ukuran tubuh seperti bobot badan dan lingkar dada. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Deskriptif dan pendugaan model regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sapi di Desa Sekaran lokasi Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat sebanyak 971 ekor dengan populasi terbanyak di dusun Ngantru yaitu sebesar 82%. Sistem perkawinan sapi yang sering diterapkan yaitu kawin suntik (inseminasi buatan) sebesar 94% dan 6% dengan perkawinan alami. Produktivitas sapi PO cukup tinggi dengan ukuran lebar dada berkisar 154–165 cm dan bobot badan berkisar 282–309 kg. Body condition score (BCS) sapi PO berada pada kisaran 2–3 di skala 5. Sistem grading menunjukkan bahwa sapi PO banyak tergolong dalam grade A sebesar 58%. Sapi PO di Desa Sekaran memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dijadikan sumber bibit dan perbanyakan populasi karena telah memiliki sistem grading yang baik .Kata kunci : Desa Sekaran, digitalisasi, sapi PO, seleksi, sistem grading ABSTRACT The development of beef cattle in Indonesia has developed in several regions by implementing animal husbandry technology and innovation through the Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR). This study aims to improve the genetic quality of PO cattles through selection based on grading systems for cattle breeding and propagation, as well as monitoring their development with a digitization program. The study was conducted with a direct interview system to farmers using a questionnaire. The research parameters included external characteristics, genealogy of cattle, and body size such as body weight and chest size. Data analysis using descriptive statistic and regression analysis. The results showed that the total of cattle in Sekaran Village was 971 with the largest population in the Ngantru approximately 94%. The cattle mating system were conducted using artificial insemination and naturally bred were 94% and 6%, respectively. PO cattle productivity is high with chest width measurements from 154–165 cm and body weights from 282-309 kg. The body condition score of PO cattles is in the range of 2-3 on a scale of 5. The grading system shows that many PO cattles were classified in grade A was 58%. PO cattles in Sekaran Village have great potential to be used as a source animal genetic resources of PO breeding center.Keywords : grading system, digital, PO cattle, Sekaran village, selection

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