PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN HIAS AIR Microsorum pteropus MELALUI KULTUR KANTONG SPORA PADA BERBAGAI SUBSTRAT

Abstract

Produksi massal tanaman hias air pakis jawa Microsorum pteropus melalui pemotongan rhizoma terlihat kurang efisien sedangkan melalui kultur in vitro spora masih sulit dilakukan masyarakat. Salah satu pendekatan baru dalam perbanyakan tanaman M. Pteropus melalui kultur kantong spora telah berhasil dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan media dalam perbanyakan tanaman M. pteropus melalui kultur kantong spora. Potongan daun yang mengandung satu kantong spora diletakkan di atas media tanam, ditutup dengan plastik transparan, dan ditaruh pada lingkungan di luar ruangan (outdoor). Media tanam yang digunakan yaitu: A) cacahan akar pakis; B) serutan kayu; C) cacahan akar pakis + serutan kayu; D) cacahan akar pakis + serutan kayu + kompos; E) pasir gunung berapi (pasir malang); F) abu sekam padi; G) pasir; dan H) tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan sporofit muda (young sporophye) sudah mulai terlihat pada bulan pertama sampai ketiga setelah tanam. Sporofit muda yang berkembang dari kantong spora yang dipelihara pada media pasir, media tanah dan media campuran serutan kayu + akar pakis + kompos menunjukkan rata-rata persentase tanaman hidup yang paling tinggi yaitu 48%. Sebaliknya sporofit muda paling sedikit berkembang pada media akar pakis, media abu sekam padi dan media campuran akar pakis, dan serutan kayu. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka media terbaik untuk perbanyakan M. pteropus di luar ruangan melalui kultur kantong spora adalah media tanah dan media campuran akar pakis + serutan kayu + kompos.Mass production of Microsorum pteropus through rhizome cuttings has been deemed not efficient while the application of in vitro culture of its spores is still technically difficult to be performed by farmers. A novel approach to mass-produce M. pteropus trough sori culture has been developed and is relatively easy to perform. This study was aimed to determine a suitable propagation media for sori culture of M. pteropus. Small cut fronds containing one sorus were laid on the culture media and covered with a transparent plastic sheet and left on outdoor conditions. The culture media used were: A) fern-root; B) wood shavings; C) fern-root + wood shavings; D) fern-root + wood shavings + compost; E) volcanic sand; F) rice husk ash; G) sand; and H) soil. The results showed that young sporophytes developed in the 1st to 3rd month after culture. The young sporophytes developed in the sand, soil and mixture of wood shavings + fern-root + compost medium showed higher numbers of live plants (48%). In contrast, the lower numbers of live young sporophyte were found in the fern-root, rice husk ash, and mixture of fern-root + wood shavings medium. Based on these results, the best alternative media for propagation of M. pteropus through sori culture on the outdoor conditions are soil media and the mixture of fern roots + wood shavings + compost media.

Use of different bottom substrate types for rearing mud crab crablet (Scylla olivacea) in nurseries

“…As reported by [7], the use of seaweed shelter as a medium of transportation for mud crabs gives an average result of less crablet mortality (1%) than using a wet cloth shelter (2%). Thus, comparing container area with the number and type of shelter, substrate, and stocking density can suppress cannibalism.…”

“…The intense nature of preying on each other was supported by the character of crabs who must molt when experiencing growth. One of the efforts to reduce the level of cannibalism, as reported by [7] [7], that the use of seaweed cells as a medium for transporting mud crabs gave a lower average result of crablet deaths (1%) compared to using wet cloth cells (2%). Meanwhile, [8] reports that cannibalism can be suppressed in one way: by providing shelters in the form of both shelters and suitable base substrates, grading, and reducing the density of larvae during rearing.…”